Canada and Greenland have signed a Joint Declaration of Intent (JDI) aimed at strengthening cooperation on critical minerals, energy systems and Arctic infrastructure. The agreement, announced on March 2, 2026, reflects growing collaboration between the two Arctic partners as global demand for strategic minerals and secure energy systems continues to rise.
The declaration was signed between Canada’s Department of Natural Resources and Greenland’s Ministry of Business, Mineral Resources, Energy, Justice and Gender Equality. It seeks to enhance “North-North” cooperation by promoting collaboration in resource development, energy security and scientific research in Arctic environments.
Focus on Critical Minerals and Energy Transition
Critical minerals—such as rare earth elements and other metals used in clean energy technologies, electronics and defence systems—have become increasingly important to national economies and global supply chains. The agreement recognizes the strategic importance of these resources and aims to strengthen collaboration between Canada and Greenland in their exploration, development and sustainable management.
Areas of cooperation outlined in the declaration include geological collaboration on mineral and energy resources, the development of low-carbon electricity solutions in northern and Arctic communities, and joint assessments of how environmental changes—such as thawing permafrost and shifting Arctic landscapes—may affect infrastructure and resource supply chains.
The partners also plan to exchange expertise and best practices related to environmental, social and governance (ESG) standards, as well as policies and regulations governing critical mineral exploration and development. The initiative aims to encourage partnerships between companies, research institutions and Indigenous organizations in both countries.
Strengthening Arctic Partnerships
The agreement builds on growing diplomatic and economic ties between Canada and Greenland. In February 2026, Canada opened a new consulate in Nuuk, Greenland’s capital, highlighting the increasing importance Ottawa places on cooperation with Arctic partners.
Officials say the declaration is intended to support economic development, energy security and resilient infrastructure in northern regions, while also advancing international collaboration in Arctic resource governance.
While the declaration is non-binding, it establishes a framework for future cooperation, including joint research, expert exchanges and potential commercial partnerships in the mining and energy sectors.
Strategic Importance of Arctic Resources
The announcement comes amid growing geopolitical interest in Arctic resources and supply chains for critical minerals. Greenland is known to host significant deposits of rare earth elements and other strategic minerals, which are increasingly seen as essential for the global energy transition and high-technology industries.
By strengthening cooperation on mineral resources, energy systems and Arctic infrastructure, Canada and Greenland aim to support more secure and sustainable supply chains while promoting responsible development in the High North.
View the Declaration of Intent Between Canada and Greenland
Source: Government of Canada