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Coastal states have their maritime zones where they have exclusive access to all resources. The map on the right shows these zones.
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The relationship between the physical effects of climate change and effects on the ecosystem is complex. It is impossible to tell what climate change will to do biological resources in the Arctic.
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The government of Russia has finalized a state program for oil and gas exploration. The project is worth around 225-250 billion USD, the government putting in around 40 billion USD.
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The civilizations of northern Europe commercialized fishing, taking cod and herring in the seas off Norway and European Russia. During the past and recent years the Arctic and the Sub-Arctic was and will be a valuable food production area and has supplied over the years valuable nutrition for the south.
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Five species fill up just over 50 percent of the fisheries in the northwest Atlantic Ocean.
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Fishing is the most important economy in Greenland, and a huge factor in Iceland.
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Here is a graph that shows how much six Arctic states caught. The numbers do not include whaling, but the numbers are in tons.
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Environmental study of proposed oil drilling near Jan Mayen will proceed in the near future, despite strong opposition of environmentalist, according to Reuters.
Jan Mayen is a Norwegian archipelago north of Iceland. The Map shows the EEZ around Jan Mayen, which Norway is entitled to.
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The eight Arctic states all catch fish. The species and quantity naturally varies between them.
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The first graph shows the Atlantic Ocean. The blue colour is the northwest and the orange for northeast.
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It is assumed from the existence of Stone Age rock carvings of whales that Neolithic folk knew of them, though it is not clear if their knowledge was from animals washed up or stranded on beaches, or weather they hunted whales, using boats to drive them to shore for killing. That technique, still used in the Faroe Islands today, was certainly in use in the 9th century Norway.
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The Canadian government has slashed its funding to the University of the Arctic from 710.000 to 150.000. Subsequently Canada will lose the office it hosted at the University of Saskatchewan, which was staffed by UArctic’s dean of undergraduate studies, Hayley Hesseln.