Where is the Arctic and how is it defined

The Arctic is a complex region that can be defined using geographical, climatic and ecological criteria. Explore this section to understand the main boundaries used to identify the Arctic and the physical features that shape the region.

How is the Arctic defined?

 

Governance & Law

Five entry points for navigating cooperation, institutions, agreements, and sources on the Arctic.

 

International Polar Years

Explore the history of the International Polar Years and the International Geophysical Year, which brought scientists together across borders to study the polar regions and the wider planet. From the first coordinated observations in 1882–1883 to plans for 2032–2033, discover how these initiatives have advanced scientific knowledge and international cooperation.

History of the IPYs

 

History

Explore the key events, milestones, and turning points that have shaped Arctic exploration, scientific research, international cooperation, and the region's development.

Explore Arctic History

 

Arctic Countries

Explore the eight Arctic countries through profiles covering geography , governance, culture, environment, and their role in shaping the Arctic region.

 

Arctic Animals

From polar bears and Arctic foxes to whales and migratory birds, discover the wildlife that inhabits the Arctic’s tundra, coasts and ocean. Explore how these animals survive extreme conditions, the habitats they depend on and the challenges they face in a changing climate.

Explore Arctic Animals

 

Arctic Islands

This section explores some of the most prominent islands in the Arctic region, showcasing their landscapes, wildlife, and unique features that contribute to the complexity and richness of the circumpolar world.

Explore Arctic Islands

 

Culture

Discover the rich cultural diversity of the Arctic by exploring Indigenous knowledge, traditions, languages, arts, and the stories of communities across the circumpolar region.

Explore Arctic Culture

 

Indigenous People

Explore the Indigenous Peoples' organizations that represent Arctic communities and contribute to circumpolar cooperation, governance and decision-making.