Representatives of national scientific organisations from all 18 member countries form the IASC Council. The President of IASC is elected by Council, who also elects 4 Vice-Presidents to serve on the Executive Committee. Council usually meets once a year during the Arctic Science Summit Week, ASSW.

IASC Executive Committee operates as a board of directors and manages the activities of IASC between Council meetings. The Chair is the President of IASC.

IASC Regional Board is comprised of representatives from governmental scientific organisations in the eight Arctic countries. It ensures that the activities of IASC are consistent with the interests of the Arctic Countries. The Chair of the Regional Board is a member of the Executive Committee.

The organisational needs of IASC are served by the IASC Secretariat, located in Stockholm, Sweden