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<title>Reindeer Portal News</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news</link>
<description></description>

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<title>New Photographs - WRH Visit to Herders in China</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/new-photographs---wrh-visit-to-herders-in-china</link>
<description>New photographs on the Reindeer Portal - in June, the Association of World Reindeer Herders and the International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry visited Evenki herder in China. Part of the trip entailed the signing of  a memorandum between Evenki herders and WRH, there was a reindeer peoples festival in Aolugoya and connections were made with the other Evenki herding clans in the region. See the photographs here Read a short report of the trip here  </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/new-photographs---wrh-visit-to-herders-in-china</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 30 Jul 2008 07:02:56 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>Reindeer Portal Landmark - Visitors from 100 Countries</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/reindeer-portal-landmark---visitors-from-100-countries</link>
<description>The Reindeer Portal has just passed an exciting landmark - Visitors from over 100 countries have been to our site and learned about the work of the International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry, the EALAT project and the Association of World Reindeer Herders. So far, there have been visitors from 101 countries have visited over 30,000 pages. Top three countries in terms of visits are Norway, the US and Finland. The top ten includes the Russia, Sweden, the UK, France and Germany among others. The Reindeer Portal is only one year old...Our goal is to increase traffic and content dramatically over the next year, as we add new features and exciting new interactive content, particularly in the realm of mapping and video...Watch this Space! </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/reindeer-portal-landmark---visitors-from-100-countries</guid>
<pubDate>Thu, 24 Jul 2008 03:48:58 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>Association of World Reindeer Herders Visit Evenki Herders in China</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/association-of-world-reindeer-herders-visit-evenki-herders-in-china</link>
<description>The Association of World Reindeer Herders and the International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry recently returned from a visit to Evenki reindeer herders in North East China. Evenki in this region are part of the ancient reindeer herding peoples of the</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/association-of-world-reindeer-herders-visit-evenki-herders-in-china</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 22 Jul 2008 08:53:47 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>Kriterier/indikatorer p&#xE5; &#xF8;kologisk b&#xE6;rekraftig reintall</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/kriterier/indikatorer-p-kologisk-brekraftig-reintall</link>
<description>I januar 2008 opprettet Landbruks- og matdepartementet (LMD) en arbeidsgruppe med representanter fra reindriften, forskning og myndighetene for &#xE5; utvikle kriterier for &#xF8;kologisk b&#xE6;rekraftig reintall. Reindriftsrepresentantene ble oppnevnt av Norske Reindriftsamers Landsforbund (NRL).</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/kriterier/indikatorer-p-kologisk-brekraftig-reintall</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 09 Jul 2008 03:51:56 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>Interview with Oyvind Ravna on the Reindeer Portal</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/interview-with-oyvind-ravna-on-the-reindeer-portal</link>
<description>Oyvind Ravna recently defended his PhD thesis at the</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/interview-with-oyvind-ravna-on-the-reindeer-portal</guid>
<pubDate>Thu, 24 Jul 2008 03:52:05 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>5.40 Euros / Hour. Reindeer Herders Salarys in Finland</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/5_40-euros-/-hour_-reindeer-herders-salarys-in-finland</link>
<description>The poor economic status of reindeer herders in Finland is highlighted in a new report compiled by the MTT, RKTL and University of Lapland, edited by Leena Riintamaki: Porotalouden taloudelliset menestystekijat / Economic Success Factors of Reindeer Husbandry. The language is Finnish, with an abstract in English.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/5_40-euros-/-hour_-reindeer-herders-salarys-in-finland</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 27 Jun 2008 07:00:43 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>Boazodoallobachelor - Reindeer Husbandry Bachelor</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/boazodoallobachelor---reindeer-husbandry-bachelor</link>
<description>S&#xE1;mi Allaskuvllas &#xE1;lget Boazodoallobachelor ja Duodjebachelor oahput &#x10D;av&#x10D;a r&#xE1;jes. Lea &#xE1;in vejola&#x161; ohccat go s&#xE1;dde ohccama njuolga S&#xE1;mi Allaskuvlii. Ohc&#xE1;nskovi g&#xE1;vnnat dabbe: www.samiskhs.no </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/boazodoallobachelor---reindeer-husbandry-bachelor</guid>
<pubDate>Mon, 23 Jun 2008 10:23:29 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>Snoop Reindeer - Reindeer on Stage..</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/snoop-reindeer---reindeer-on-stage_</link>
<description>Reindeer Snoop Deer / Boazob&#x26;aacute;nni - It tells the story of the runaway reindeer Snoop Deer and his observations of life today. This is a stage performance by Sami actor Sara Margrethe Oskal.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/snoop-reindeer---reindeer-on-stage_</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 20 Jun 2008 02:49:28 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>Reindeer Husbandry Administration - 2008 Funding Announced</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/reindeer-husbandry-administration---2008-funding-announced</link>
<description>Styret for forskningsmidler over reindriftsavtalen har p&#xE5; m&#xF8;te den 6. juni 2008 innvilget st&#xF8;tte til 12 nye forskningsprosjekter. Prosjektene som det innvilget st&#xF8;tte til har en kostnadsramme p&#xE5; 5 mill kr innev&#xE6;rende &#xE5;r. I tillegg er det 6 p&#xE5;g&#xE5;ende prosjekter som har f&#xE5;tt st&#xF8;tte.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/reindeer-husbandry-administration---2008-funding-announced</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 20 Jun 2008 04:44:16 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>World Reindeer Herders to China</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/world-reindeer-herders-to-china</link>
<description>Johan Mathis Turi and Elna Sara of the Association of World Reindeer Herders have this week left for China to visit reindeer herders. China is not often thought of when it comes to reindeer husbandry, but Evenki are spread over huge distances of present day Russia, China and Mongolia. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/world-reindeer-herders-to-china</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 18 Jun 2008 04:00:38 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>New Video - Ealat Information, Topolinoe, Sakha Republic</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/new-video---ealat-information-topolinoe-sakha-republic</link>
<description>The recent EALAT Information workshop and interviews held in Topolinoe, Sakha Republic, is the subject of a new video on the Reindeer Portal.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/new-video---ealat-information-topolinoe-sakha-republic</guid>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Jun 2008 07:45:21 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>Arctic Council SDWG Webcast Available</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/arctic-council-sdwg-webcast-available</link>
<description>In May 2008, the Association of World Reindeer Herders presented an EALAT Information progress report to the Arctic Council Sustainable Development Working Group in Oslo, in a presentation that included talks by Anders Oskal, Johan Mathis Turi and Vladimir Etylin, along with film clips.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/arctic-council-sdwg-webcast-available</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 06 Jun 2008 03:44:48 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>Lovozero - Traditional Nature Use Territory Proposed</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/lovozero---traditional-nature-use-territory-proposed</link>
<description>A Territory for protecting Traditional Nature Use is being planned in the Lovozero District</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/lovozero---traditional-nature-use-territory-proposed</guid>
<pubDate>Thu, 05 Jun 2008 10:01:13 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>Berit Inga to Present Licentiate on Reindeer Herders TK in Northern Sweden </title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/berit-inga-to-present-licentiate-on-reindeer-herders-tk-in-northern-sweden</link>
<description>Researcher Berit Inga will be presenting her licentiate work &#x27;Traditionell ekologisk kunskap bland rensk&#xF6;tande samer i norra Sverige&#x27; in Kiruna on the 9th June and in Jokkmokk on the 11th June. Flyers attached.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/berit-inga-to-present-licentiate-on-reindeer-herders-tk-in-northern-sweden</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 03 Jun 2008 09:04:00 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>Where Home Cooking Gets the Cold Shoulder..</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/where-home-cooking-gets-the-cold-shoulder_</link>
<description>(Article from Washington Post, Anders Oskal, ICR Director accompanied the author and Lars Kullerud to Salekhard and beyond for this article, and World Reindeer Herders President Dmitry Khorolia facilitated the visit to the tundra).</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/where-home-cooking-gets-the-cold-shoulder_</guid>
<pubDate>Mon, 02 Jun 2008 07:03:19 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>ICR, WRH Presentation to Sami Parliament</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/icr-wrh-presentation-to-sami-parliament</link>
<description>International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry Director Anders Oskal and World Reindeer Herders Association Genearl Secretary were among those who made presentations to the Sami Parliament in Karasjok, Norway. EALAT projkect leader Svein Mathiesen and researcher Ellen Inga Turi also made presentations.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/icr-wrh-presentation-to-sami-parliament</guid>
<pubDate>Mon, 02 Jun 2008 06:42:41 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>Seminara biergokvalitehta - Seminar on Meat Quality</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/seminara-biergokvalitehta---seminar-on-meat-quality</link>
<description>New Zealand senior biergodutki Eva Wiklund ja oarjels&#xE1;mi boazodoalli ja biergofitnodateaigg&#xE1;t Nils Tony Brandsfjell logaldallet semin&#xE1;ras bohccobierggu kvalitehtas. Semin&#xE1;ra lea S&#xE1;mi allaskuvllas ja rabas buohkaide. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/seminara-biergokvalitehta---seminar-on-meat-quality</guid>
<pubDate>Sun, 25 May 2008 13:49:26 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>World Reindeer Herders at SDWG, Oslo</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/world-reindeer-herders-at-sdwg-oslo</link>
<description>The EALAT Information project was presented to the Arctic Council Sustainable Development Working Group meeting in Oslo, May 20-22. This was a status report on progress made since the last SDWG meeting held in Vadso late last year. The Association of World Reindeers is an Observer to the Arctic Council. The delegation included Johan Mathis Turi, Vladimir Etylin, Anders Oskal, Svein Mathiesen, Anna Maria Magga and Philip Burgess.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/world-reindeer-herders-at-sdwg-oslo</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 21 May 2008 18:41:24 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>Seminar on Reindeer Meat Quality</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/seminar-on-reindeer-meat-quality</link>
<description>&#xC5;pent seminar om kvaliteten p&#xE5; reinkj&#xF8;tt i samarbeid med Innovasjon Norge ved VSP-rein , Samisk h&#xF8;gskole kurset  Reindrift - naturfag  og IPY EAL&#xC1;T.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/seminar-on-reindeer-meat-quality</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 20 May 2008 09:50:57 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>Ingunn Ims Vistnes - Interview on the Reindeer Portal</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/ingunn-ims-vistnes---interview-on-the-reindeer-portal</link>
<description>Ingunn Ims Vistnes is a researcher at NORUT, based in Alta, Norway who has just successfully defended her Dr. philos thesis entitled &#x2018;Impacts of Human Development and Activity on Reindeer and Caribou Habitat Use&#x2019;.  Her thesis is the result of nearly a decade of research into the impacts of human activity on reindeer habitat which has resulted in the publication of a number of refereed articles in international scholarly journals, 8 of which are in the newly published Dr. philos thesis. The study areas were primarily from examples in Norway, but examples from Alaska were also used.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/ingunn-ims-vistnes---interview-on-the-reindeer-portal</guid>
<pubDate>Thu, 15 May 2008 03:42:15 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>Genetic analyses reveal independent domestication origins of Eurasian reindeer.</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/genetic-analyses-reveal-independent-domestication-origins-of-eurasian-reindeer</link>
<description>&#x22;This implies that the Saami people of Fennoscandia domesticated their own reindeer independently of the indigenous cultures in western Russia.&#x22; </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/genetic-analyses-reveal-independent-domestication-origins-of-eurasian-reindeer</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 14 May 2008 03:14:57 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>Ekte cowboyer spiser kokt gryte med &#xF8;ye - toppet med r&#xE5; hjerne.</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/ekte-cowboyer-spiser-kokt-gryte-med-ye---toppet-med-r-hjerne</link>
<description>ICR Director Anders Oskal accompanied Lars Kullerud (University of the Arctic) and Dagbladet journalist Andreas Viestad and photographer Mette Randem to Salekhard, the capital of the Yamal Nenets Autonomous Okrug. One outcome was the below article on Nenets, reindeer husbandry and food.   ....Av alle cowboybyer i hele Vest-Sibir, m&#x26;aring; Schuch&#x26;rsquo;ye v&#x26;aelig;re en av de r&#x26;oslash;ffeste. Det er i hvert fall det mest eksotiske stedet jeg har v&#x26;aelig;rt, p&#x26;aring; en ekte villvestm&#x26;aring;te. F&#x26;oslash;rst v&#x26;aring;kne opp i Salekhard, den oljerike administrasjonsbyen ved utl&#x26;oslash;pet av Ob-elva hvor skiltene henger skeivt p&#x26;aring; skeive hus, og smilene er s&#x26;aring; godt gjemt at det kan virke som om folk ikke helt har kommet seg etter Andropovs plutselige d&#x26;oslash;d. S&#x26;aring; kj&#x26;oslash;re i en time p&#x26;aring; humpete veier over permafrosten, og deretter klyve over i en beltebil, som i tre lange og st&#x26;oslash;yende timer arbeider seg utover p&#x26;aring; Yamal-halv&#x26;oslash;ya. Read the full article here Download pdf below </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/ekte-cowboyer-spiser-kokt-gryte-med-ye---toppet-med-r-hjerne</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 07 May 2008 06:13:06 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>&#x420;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438; &#x447;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x41F;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x44F;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x424;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x443;&#x43C;&#x430; &#x41F;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x430; &#x421;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x437;&#x438;&#x433;&#x430; </title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/-----</link>
<description>Pavel Suliandziga&#x26;#39;s statement to the UN PFII side event on behalf of RAIPON. &#x26;laquo;&#x41D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44B;, &#x43D;&#x430; &#x447;&#x44C;&#x438;&#x445; &#x437;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x445; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x44B;&#x432;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x442; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x440;&#x435;&#x441;&#x443;&#x440;&#x441;&#x44B;, &#x436;&#x438;&#x432;&#x443;&#x442; &#x432;&#x441;&#x435; &#x445;&#x443;&#x436;&#x435; &#x438; &#x445;&#x443;&#x436;&#x435;, &#x430; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x438;, &#x440;&#x430;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x449;&#x438;&#x435; &#x438; &#x433;&#x443;&#x431;&#x44F;&#x449;&#x438;&#x435; &#x438;&#x445; &#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x440;&#x438;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x438; &#x432;&#x441;&#x435; &#x43B;&#x443;&#x447;&#x448;&#x435; &#x438; &#x431;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x430;&#x447;&#x435;&#x26;raquo; See below for rest English Summary below from WindowonEurasia Pavel Suliandziga, RAIPON (Russian Assn of Indigenous Peoples of the North) Vice President stated at the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues that Russian companies are enriching themselves through the exploitation of the natural resources of Russia&#x26;rsquo;s North, but the peoples on whose territories these firms are working are becoming ever poorer, often as the result of the approach these very firms have taken to them. According to Suliandziga this has been the case since the 1980&#x26;#39;s Throughout the world, he pointed out, &#x26;ldquo;We see the relationship that industrial companies have with indigenous peoples. The peoples on whose lands they are extracting resources live ever worse and worse while the companies working and devouring their territories are living better and becoming richer.&#x26;rdquo; Companies assume that they can do anything they like in the pursuit of immediate profit, destroying the traditional ecology on which the indigenous population depends or even moving &#x26;ldquo;an entire people&#x26;rdquo; as they currently propose to do in the course of the planned construction of the Evenk hydroelectric station. Many of the firms involved conduct what they and the Russian government call &#x26;ldquo;a policy of &#x26;lsquo;contract relations&#x26;rsquo;&#x26;rdquo; with the indigenous population. But &#x26;ldquo;such contracts should not be called contracts,&#x26;rdquo; Sulyandziga said, because the local people are not able to get the government to enforce them, &#x26;ldquo;the companies do whatever they like on the territories of the indigenous peoples.&#x26;rdquo; The attitude of the companies, the Northern peoples activist said, is summed up in the frequent assertions by the companies that &#x26;ldquo;&#x26;rsquo;we pay taxes and other fees to the state so that we do not owe your anything and so don&#x26;rsquo;t interfere with us.&#x26;rdquo; (One especially ugly aspect of the behavior of the big firms like Gazprom is that they treat different regions differently, behaving in a good way in a few places so that they can suggest they are good &#x26;ldquo;corporate citizens&#x26;rdquo; but then hiding behind that Potemkin village in order to exploit other areas all the more.) Sulyandziga said he and other people who work in this area have been trying for many years to get the Russian government to intervene, but the government, concerned more with corporate profits than with the lives of the small nationalities of the North, has so far done almost nothing to help. Source - RAIPON &#x421;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x437;&#x438;&#x433;&#x430; &#x41F;&#x430;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43B; &#x412;&#x430;&#x441;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x435;&#x432;&#x438;&#x447;, &#x432;&#x438;&#x446;&#x435;-&#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x437;&#x438;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442; &#x410;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x446;&#x438;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43C;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x447;&#x438;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x421;&#x435;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x430;, &#x421;&#x438;&#x431;&#x438;&#x440;&#x438; &#x438; &#x414;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x412;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x430; &#x420;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x441;&#x438;&#x439;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x424;&#x435;&#x434;&#x435;&#x440;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438; &#x438;  &#x414;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x434;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x42F;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x42E;&#x440;&#x44C;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x26;ndash; &#x434;&#x438;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440; &#x41C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x434;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x444;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x430; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43C;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x447;&#x438;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;  &#x26;laquo;&#x411;&#x430;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x26;raquo;, &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x44F;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x443;&#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;&#x435; &#x432; &#x43F;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x44F;&#x442;&#x438;&#x438; &#x26;laquo;&#x41A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44B; &#x438; &#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;: &#x411;&#x443;&#x434;&#x443;&#x449;&#x438;&#x435; &#x448;&#x430;&#x433;&#x438;&#x26;raquo;, &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x44F;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x44C; 24 &#x430;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44F; 2008 &#x433;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430; &#x432; &#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x445; &#x421;&#x435;&#x434;&#x44C;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x421;&#x435;&#x441;&#x441;&#x438;&#x438; &#x41F;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x44F;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x424;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x443;&#x43C;&#x430; &#x43F;&#x43E; &#x432;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x430;&#x43C; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x432; &#x448;&#x442;&#x430;&#x431;-&#x43A;&#x432;&#x430;&#x440;&#x442;&#x438;&#x440;&#x435; &#x41E;&#x41E;&#x41D;.     &#x421;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x437;&#x438;&#x433;&#x430; &#x41F;&#x430;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43B; &#x412;&#x430;&#x441;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x435;&#x432;&#x438;&#x447;, &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x432;&#x438;&#x43B; &#x438;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x434;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430; &#x447;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x41F;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x44F;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x424;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x443;&#x43C;&#x430; &#x26;laquo;&#x41F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x432;&#x44B; &#x432;&#x437;&#x430;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x435;&#x439;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x434;&#x443;  &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x44B;&#x448;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x26;raquo;, &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x448;&#x435;&#x434;&#x448;&#x435;&#x433;&#x43E;2-3 &#x438;&#x44E;&#x43B;&#x44F; 2007 &#x433;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430; &#x432; &#x421;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x445;&#x430;&#x440;&#x434;&#x435;.       &#x26;laquo;&#x415;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x432;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x44E; &#x434;&#x432;&#x438;&#x436;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x420;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x441;&#x438;&#x438;, &#x442;&#x43E; &#x43C;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x43D;&#x43E; &#x443;&#x432;&#x438;&#x434;&#x435;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x445;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x26;ndash; &#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x447;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x441;&#x44C; &#x432; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x446;&#x435; 80-&#x445; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x425;&#x425; &#x432;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x430;, &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x434;&#x430; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44B; &#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x431;&#x438;&#x442;&#x44C;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x437;&#x430; &#x441;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x430;, &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x438;&#x432; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x44B;&#x448;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x439; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x445;&#x438;&#x449;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x44B;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x440;&#x435;&#x441;&#x443;&#x440;&#x441;&#x44B;, &#x443;&#x445;&#x443;&#x434;&#x448;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x443;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x448;&#x435;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x438;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x438; &#x44D;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x443;&#x44E; &#x441;&#x438;&#x442;&#x443;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44E; &#x432; &#x446;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x43C;.     &#x421;&#x435;&#x433;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x44F; &#x432;&#x43E; &#x432;&#x441;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x43C;&#x438;&#x440;&#x435; &#x43C;&#x44B; &#x432;&#x438;&#x434;&#x438;&#x43C; &#x43E;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x448;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x44B;&#x448;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x439; &#x43A; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43C;. &#x41D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44B;, &#x43D;&#x430; &#x447;&#x44C;&#x438;&#x445; &#x437;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x445; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x44B;&#x432;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x442; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x440;&#x435;&#x441;&#x443;&#x440;&#x441;&#x44B;, &#x436;&#x438;&#x432;&#x443;&#x442; &#x432;&#x441;&#x435; &#x445;&#x443;&#x436;&#x435; &#x438; &#x445;&#x443;&#x436;&#x435;, &#x430; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x438; &#x440;&#x430;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x449;&#x438;&#x435; &#x438; &#x433;&#x443;&#x431;&#x44F;&#x449;&#x438;&#x435; &#x438;&#x445; &#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x440;&#x438;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x438; &#x432;&#x441;&#x435; &#x43B;&#x443;&#x447;&#x448;&#x435; &#x438; &#x431;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x430;&#x447;&#x435;.     &#x412;&#x437;&#x44F;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x43A; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x440;&#x443; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x43E; &#x42D;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x413;&#x42D;&#x421; &#x26;ndash; &#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x441;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x438;&#x440;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x446;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;! &#x42D;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x443;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x442;&#x430; &#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x434;&#x438;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x437;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;, &#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x434;&#x438;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x430; &#x436;&#x438;&#x437;&#x43D;&#x438;, &#x43A;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440;&#x44B;, &#x438; &#x432;&#x44B;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x446;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430; &#x43A;&#x430;&#x43A; &#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x438;&#x435;. &#x421;&#x435;&#x439;&#x447;&#x430;&#x441; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x44F;&#x442;&#x430; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x430; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x414;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x412;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x430; &#x438; &#x417;&#x430;&#x431;&#x430;&#x439;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x44F; &#x26;ndash; &#x44D;&#x442;&#x430; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x430; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x44B;&#x447;&#x443; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x440;&#x435;&#x441;&#x443;&#x440;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x438; &#x438;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x437;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x445; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;, &#x430; &#x43D;&#x435; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x438;&#x435; &#x438; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x434;&#x435;&#x440;&#x436;&#x43A;&#x443; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x438; &#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x440;&#x438;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x439;&#x26;raquo;.     &#x41F;&#x430;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43B; &#x412;&#x430;&#x441;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x435;&#x432;&#x438;&#x447; &#x442;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x436;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x442;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43B;, &#x447;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x435;&#x436;&#x435;&#x433;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x43E; &#x44D;&#x442;&#x438; &#x432;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x44B; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x432;&#x441;&#x435;&#x445; &#x443;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x44F;&#x445; &#x438; &#x432;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x435; &#x43A;&#x430;&#x43A; &#x440;&#x435;&#x448;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F;, &#x43D;&#x43E; &#x442;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43A;&#x43E; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43F;&#x43E; &#x43D;&#x438;&#x43C; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x445;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x438;&#x442;&#x44C;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x432;&#x441;&#x435; &#x431;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x448;&#x435; &#x438; &#x431;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x448;&#x435;.      &#x26;laquo;&#x41C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x438; &#x432;&#x435;&#x434;&#x443;&#x442; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x443; &#x26;laquo;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43E;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x448;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x439;&#x26;raquo;, &#x442;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x435; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x430; &#x438; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x437;&#x432;&#x430;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x43D;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x437;&#x44F;. &#x41F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x437;&#x443;&#x44F;&#x441;&#x44C; &#x442;&#x435;&#x43C;, &#x447;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44B; &#x436;&#x438;&#x432;&#x443;&#x442; &#x432; &#x442;&#x44B;&#x441;&#x44F;&#x447;&#x430;&#x445; &#x43A;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43E;&#x442; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x444;&#x440;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440; &#x438; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x438; &#x437;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x44E;&#x447;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x442; &#x26;laquo;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x430;&#x26;raquo;, &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x435;&#x442; &#x432;&#x441;&#x435;, &#x447;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x437;&#x430;&#x445;&#x43E;&#x447;&#x435;&#x442; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x440;&#x438;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x438; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x437;&#x430; &#x43F;&#x430;&#x440;&#x443; &#x431;&#x43E;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43A; &#x431;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x437;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x438; &#x43A;&#x443;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x43A; &#x431;&#x440;&#x435;&#x437;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x430;. &#x41E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x438; &#x442;&#x430; &#x436;&#x435; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x41E;&#x410;&#x41E; &#x26;laquo;&#x413;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x26;raquo;, &#x434;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x44B;&#x432;&#x430;&#x44F; &#x440;&#x435;&#x441;&#x443;&#x440;&#x441;&#x44B; &#x432; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x440;&#x435;&#x433;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x445;, &#x432;&#x435;&#x434;&#x435;&#x442; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43D;&#x443;&#x44E; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x443; &#x432; &#x43E;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x448;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x438; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;. &#x41A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x440;&#x435;&#x433;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x43E;&#x43D;&#x438; &#x434;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x442; &#x432;&#x441;&#x435;, &#x430;, &#x43D;&#x430;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x440; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43C; &#x41A;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x447;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x43E;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x442; &#x43E;&#x434;&#x438;&#x43D; &#x26;ndash; &#x26;laquo;&#x43C;&#x44B; &#x43F;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43C; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438; &#x438; &#x434;&#x440;&#x443;&#x433;&#x438;&#x435; &#x432;&#x44B;&#x43F;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x442;&#x44B; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x443;&#x434;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x443;, &#x442;&#x430;&#x43A;, &#x447;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x432;&#x430;&#x43C; &#x43C;&#x44B; &#x43D;&#x438; &#x447;&#x435;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43D;&#x435; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x436;&#x43D;&#x44B; &#x438; &#x43D;&#x435; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x448;&#x430;&#x439;&#x442;&#x435;&#x441;&#x44C; &#x437;&#x434;&#x435;&#x441;&#x44C;&#x26;raquo;. &#x417;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438; &#x43B;&#x44E;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x43E;&#x442;&#x447;&#x435;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x43C;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x43D;&#x43E; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x437;&#x430;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x43E;&#x442;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x440;&#x435;&#x437;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x442;&#x430;&#x442;&#x44B; &#x440;&#x430;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x44B; &#x441; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C;&#x438; 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&#x438; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x436;&#x438;&#x432;&#x430;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x441;&#x432;&#x44F;&#x437;&#x438; &#x441; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x44B;&#x448;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x44B;&#x432;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x449;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;&#x43C;&#x438;, &#x440;&#x430;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x449;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x440;&#x438;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x44F;&#x445; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x438;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x420;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x441;&#x438;&#x439;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x424;&#x435;&#x434;&#x435;&#x440;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438;.     &#x424;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x26;laquo;&#x411;&#x430;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x26;raquo; &#x432;&#x44B;&#x438;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43A;&#x443;&#x440;&#x441; &#x43F;&#x43E; &#x432;&#x44B;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x443; &#x43E;&#x440;&#x433;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x430;&#x440;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x440;&#x430;, &#x43F;&#x43E; &#x440;&#x435;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438; &#x44D;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x41F;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x421;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x435;&#x439;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x420;&#x430;&#x437;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x438;&#x44E; &#x41A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x41D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x421;&#x430;&#x445;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;.     &#x421;&#x435;&#x439;&#x447;&#x430;&#x441; &#x43C;&#x44B; &#x436;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43F;&#x438;&#x441;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x430; &#x441; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;&#x439; &#x26;laquo;&#x421;&#x430;&#x445;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D; &#x42D;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x440;&#x434;&#x436;&#x438;&#x26;raquo;, &#x432; &#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x445; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43C;&#x44B; &#x431;&#x443;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x430;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x449;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43C; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x421;&#x430;&#x445;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x440;&#x435;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x44B;&#x432;&#x430;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x44B; &#x44D;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x438;&#x44F;.     &#x41C;&#x44B; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x449;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x441;&#x44C;, &#x432; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44E; &#x26;laquo;&#x420;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x444;&#x442;&#x44C;&#x26;raquo;, &#x43D;&#x43E; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x430; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x43C; &#x43E;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x447;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x442;, &#x447;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x43D;&#x438; &#x438; &#x442;&#x430;&#x43A; &#x43C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x442; &#x434;&#x43B;&#x44F;  &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;, &#x43C;&#x44B; &#x43D;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x430;&#x449;&#x430;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x446;&#x435;&#x441;&#x441;&#x430; &#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x433;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;, &#x438; &#x431;&#x443;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x436;&#x430;&#x442;&#x44C;  &#x434;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x448;&#x435;.     &#x41E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43C; &#x438;&#x437; &#x43B;&#x443;&#x447;&#x448;&#x438;&#x445; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x432;&#x437;&#x430;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x435;&#x439;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x438;&#x439; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x434;&#x443; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x44B;&#x448;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;&#x43C;&#x438;, &#x44F;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x435;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x448;&#x435; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x440;&#x443;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x43E; &#x441; &#x26;laquo;&#x411;&#x440;&#x438;&#x442;&#x438;&#x448; &#x41F;&#x435;&#x442;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x443;&#x43C;&#x26;raquo;, &#x441; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x43C;&#x44B; &#x432;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x434; &#x440;&#x435;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x44B;&#x432;&#x430;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x44B; &#x43C;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x438;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x449;&#x438;&#x43D; &#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430; &#x421;&#x430;&#x445;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D;.     &#x41D;&#x430;&#x448; &#x43E;&#x43F;&#x44B;&#x442; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x437;&#x44B;&#x432;&#x430;&#x435;&#x442;, &#x447;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x43B;&#x435;&#x433;&#x447;&#x435; &#x432;&#x441;&#x435;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x439;&#x442;&#x438; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x449;&#x438;&#x439; &#x44F;&#x437;&#x44B;&#x43A; &#x441; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;&#x43C;&#x438;, &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x44B;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x440;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44F;&#x442; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x434;&#x436;&#x435;&#x440;&#x44B;, &#x43C;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x435;&#x442; &#x431;&#x44B;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x44D;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x443;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43E; &#x442;&#x435;&#x43C;, &#x447;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x436;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x435; &#x431;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x448;&#x435; &#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x442; &#x43E; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x434;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x446;&#x435;&#x441;&#x441;&#x430;&#x445; &#x438; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x434;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x437;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435; &#x432; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;, &#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x442; &#x44D;&#x442;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x430;&#x26;raquo;.         &#x422;&#x430;&#x43A; &#x436;&#x435; &#x432; &#x440;&#x430;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x435; &#x41F;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x44F;&#x442;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x44F;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x443;&#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;&#x435; &#x422;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x41A;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43C;&#x430; &#x26;ndash; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x441;&#x441;&#x430;&#x440;  &#x43F;&#x43E; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43C; &#x447;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x430; &#x41A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x441;&#x441;&#x438;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x43E; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43C; &#x447;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x430; &#x438; &#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C; &#x432;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x44F;&#x43C; &#x410;&#x432;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x438;, &#x423;&#x440;&#x441;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x430; &#x412;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x445;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D; &#x26;ndash; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C; &#x43E;&#x440;&#x433;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438; Global Compact (&#x41E;&#x41E;&#x41D;)  &#x438; &#x415;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;&#x432;&#x435;&#x442; &#x421;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x443; &#x26;ndash; &#x433;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x432;&#x430; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x435;&#x442;&#x430;&#x440;&#x438;&#x430;&#x442;&#x430; &#x41F;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x44F;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x424;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x443;&#x43C;&#x430;.   </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/-----</guid>
<pubDate>Mon, 05 May 2008 07:40:02 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>UN PF - Statement by the Arctic Indigenous Caucus (Pictures added)</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/un-pf---statement-by-the-arctic-indigenous-caucus-pictures-added</link>
<description>The implementation of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is particularly critical with regard to the most paramount right enshrined in the Declaration &#x26;ndash; that of self-determination.  The Declaration&#x26;rsquo;s affirmation of developments within international law implying that also non-state forming peoples enjoy the right to self-determination constitutes a fundamental achievement in indigenous peoples&#x26;rsquo; struggle for recognition of our rights.... 1.         Finland has recently attracted international criticism for allowing clear cutting of forests fundamental to Saami reindeer husbandry.  Is Finland going to stop deforestation of Saami traditional grazing lands?  Read the full statement from The United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, the 7th session, Agenda Item 4.1 &#x26;ndash; Implementation of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples below, </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/un-pf---statement-by-the-arctic-indigenous-caucus-pictures-added</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2008 06:10:57 -0500</pubDate>
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<item>
<title>Arctic Council to Guovdageaidnu/ Kautokeino</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/arctic-council-to-guovdageaidnu/-kautokeino</link>
<description>At the recent meeting of the Senior Arctic Officials (SAO) of the Arctic Council in the town of Svolvaer, on the Lofoten Islands, it was decided that the next SAO meeting will be hosted by Kautokeino / Guovdageaidnu, in the heart of the Sami region and in the largest area of reindeer husbandry in Northern Europe. Scheduled for November 16-18, the meeting will be a great opportunity for Guovdageaidnu / Kautokeino to highlight Sami language and culture and the social, economic and political advances made in the region in recent years. The Association of World Reindeer Herders is an Observer to the Arctic Council and Guovdageaidnu / Kautokeino is home to the Secretary-General, Johan Mathis Turi and also the International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/arctic-council-to-guovdageaidnu/-kautokeino</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 25 Apr 2008 04:07:39 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>EALAT Information - A Return to Topolinoe, Sakha Yakutia</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/ealat-information---a-return-to-topolinoe-sakha-yakutia</link>
<description>The fourth EALAT Information seminar recently wrapped up in Topolinoe, in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Located 800 km NE of the regions capital Yakutsk in the Verkhoyansky mountains, better known by many as the coldest place in the Arctic. The theme of the EALAT Information workshops are traditional knowledge, loss of pastures and climate change. Sakha(Yakutia) is one of world&#x26;#39;s greatest regions of reindeer husbandry, practiced primarily by Eveny people, but also by others. The region is also central to the beginning of international cooperation between reindeer herders and the establishment of the Association of World Reindeer Herders as a delegation from NBR-NRL, the Sami Reindeer Herders Assn of Norway visited there in 1990, two of whom were part of this visit in 2008: Johan Mathis Turi and Svein Mathiesen. Read the Full Story, with Photographs and Links Here     </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/ealat-information---a-return-to-topolinoe-sakha-yakutia</guid>
<pubDate>Thu, 24 Apr 2008 08:44:00 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Arctic Council to Kautokeino / Guovdageaidnu?</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/arctic-council-to-kautokeino-/-guovdageaidnu</link>
<description>(This article by Jesper Hansen of the Arctic Council Secretariat, Tromso). The spring has just arrived to the Lofoten Islands together with the Arctic Councils SAO Meeting. Climate Changes and the legacy from the International Polar Year are some of the topics on the Arctic Councils SAO Meeting, which opened today in Svolv&#x26;aelig;r on the Lofoten Islands in the northern part of Norway. The Mayor of Svolv&#x26;aelig;r addressed the meeting in the opening ceremony and told about the areas proud traditions on the cod fishery which is world famous. (Picture of Svolvaer meeting from the Arctic Council website) The opening ceremony was accompanied by the festive tones of Grieg&#x26;#39;s In the Hall of the Mountain King. The music  was chosen because the meeting takes place in Svolv&#x26;aelig;rs V&#x26;aring;ganhallen which is a sporting arena blasted into a small mountain in the city centre. The meeting has almost 150 participants from all over the world. The Arctic Council holds SAO Meetings every half year. The last meeting was in Narvik. The location for the next meeting is not decided yet, but the SAO Chair, Mr. Karsten Klepsvik told the assembly that Kautokeino in the Finnmark area of Norway is a good possibility. More information www.arctic-council.org </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/arctic-council-to-kautokeino-/-guovdageaidnu</guid>
<pubDate>Thu, 24 Apr 2008 07:27:38 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Arctic Council Meeting, Oyvind Ravna Defence (Picture added)</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/arctic-council-meeting-oyvind-ravna-defence-picture-added</link>
<description>This week ICR Director Anders Oskal is attending the Senior Arctic Officials meeting of the Arctic Council, being held in Svolvaer, in the Lofoten Islands. Norway is currently Chair of the Arctic Council. Oskal is attending on behalf of the Association of World Reindeer Herders, which has observer status to the Council. Svein Mathiesen attended a doctoral defence at the University of Tromso by Oyvind Ravna, entitled &#x22;Rettsutgreiing og bruksordning i reindriftsomr&#x26;aring;der. En unders&#x26;oslash;kelse av om beitebruk i reindriftsomr&#x26;aring;der kan gj&#x26;oslash;res mer tjenlig ved bruk av jordskiftelovgivningens virkemidler.&#x22; This story was also covered in NRK Sami Radio. His dissertation looks at land rights and land use in reindeer husbandry areas with a focus on the Sami region in Norway. Ravna argues for a specific reindeer husbandry court that would have the same level as the land consolidation court in Norway.    In an interview with NRK Ravna stated &#x26;ndash; N&#x26;aring; er det jo slik at denne lovgivningen ikke omfatter interne forhold i reindrifta, og der mener jeg det st&#x26;oslash;rste potensialet ligger, at man f&#x26;aring;r tilsvarende domstoler som kan h&#x26;aring;ndtere b&#x26;aring;de konflikter, avklare rettsforhold og gi regler for beitebruk intert i reindrifta, sier Ravna, som argumenterer for en egen reindriftsdomstol p&#x26;aring; samme niv&#x26;aring; som jordskifteretten. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/arctic-council-meeting-oyvind-ravna-defence-picture-added</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2008 05:04:57 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>ICR and EALAT Presented to Polarview, ESA</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/icr-and-ealat-presented-to-polarview-esa</link>
<description>Philip Burgess presented EALAT, EALAT Information and the work of ICR to the Polarview progress meeting at ESRIN. ESRIN is also known as the ESA (European Space Agency) Centre for Earth Observation, is one of the five ESA specialised centres situated in Europe. Located in Frascati, a small town 20 km south of Rome in Italy, ESRIN was established in 1966 and first began acquiring data from environmental satellites in the 1970s. Participants included NGO&#x26;#39;s, scientists, policy consultants and administrators from around Europe and the Arctic. EALAT&#x26;#39;s participation is related to the fact that EALAR is a user of Polarview services. Polar View is an earth observation (EO) or satellite remote-sensing program, focused on both the Arctic and the Antarctic. Polar View is supported by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Commission with participation from the Canadian Space Agency. The goal of the meeting was a progress report, and a valuable opportunity for Polarview partners to hear from Users - who provide the key to extending the Polarview project into the coming years. EALAT currently uses two Polarview &#x26;#39;products&#x26;#39; - the Scandinavian snow melt maps from KSAT (Kongsberg satellite services, Tromso) and the Eurasian snow melt, snow depth and snow water equivalent maps from the Finnish Meteorological Institute and SYKE, the Finnish Environment Institute. Interest was high among participants Other user perspectives included a presentation by Jimmy Qaapik from Grise Fjord, Nunavut, who use satellite images to monitor sea ice floe edges, to improve hunter safety, along with other NGO, governmental and private users in the Baltic, Arctic and Antarctic. Jimmy Qaapik, Polarview User from Grise Fjord, NT The presentation was well received and Philip Burgess was also interviewed for ESA web tv. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/icr-and-ealat-presented-to-polarview-esa</guid>
<pubDate>Mon, 21 Apr 2008 02:01:49 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>IPY School Teachers in Kautokeino / Guovdageaidnu</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/ipy-school-teachers-in-kautokeino-/-guovdageaidnu</link>
<description>The Norwegian IPY initiative that has seen 20 school teachers from all across Norway come to Kautokeino / Guovdageaidnu is under way this week and has been a great success. There were Norwegian, Finnish and Sami teachers in the group. The programme has been an intense introduction to Sami culture, livelihoods, research and the various institutions and organisations that lie at the heart of contemporary Sami society. Presentations have been made by the Sami University College, the International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry, GALDU - the Resource Centre for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the Sami Reindeer Herders Association, along with a visit to the Sami Parliament. Sami food culture was introduced and the group will be taken to the tundra accompanied by the well known Sami reindeer herder, &#x26;#39;Farmen Mikkel&#x26;#39;, whose extended Eira family is featured in the popular NRK Boazolihkku documentary. They will be accompanied on the tundra by Marit Broch Johansen, coordinator of the Veiveisere / Ofelas programme of the Sami University College.  Svein Mathiesen digging a snow hole to demonstrate snow layers For several, this was their first trip to Finnmark - such as Ingeborg Johansen, who teaches in Levanger, in the Trondheim region, &#x22;This trip has been very exciting - I had not been so far North before and I have received a lot of information and been so impressed by the warmth of our welcome&#x22; Others were more local, including Sami teachers from Manndalen, such as Tor Nilsen who teaches bilingual children, some of whom are from Kautokeino and Berit Siri, who teaches Sami language and culture in Kirkenes.  Presentations were made by several researchers in the EALAT project including Project Leader Svein Mathiesen, Norwegian Meteorological Institute researcher Inger Hanssen Bauer (also in EALAT), and other EALAT researchers including Ellen Inga Turi and Mathis Bongo. Elna Sara presented the work of the Assn. of World Reindeer Herders and the International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry and Philip Burgess presented the Reindeer Portal. The visit ends Friday, April 4, with a final presentation by Ole Henrik Magga. The trip has been a Norwegian IPY initiative who provided funding and it was coordinated by Karl Torstein Hetland of the Naturfagsenteret and Ellen Brita Eira, EALAT project coordinator.  More Photography </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/ipy-school-teachers-in-kautokeino-/-guovdageaidnu</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 02 Apr 2008 04:57:19 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>EALAT / Aween - Article from ANSIPRA</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/ealat-/-aween---article-from-ansipra</link>
<description>&#x41F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x430; &#x26;laquo;EALAT/AVEEN&#x26;raquo; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x427;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43A;&#x435;: &#x41C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x434;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440; &#x26;laquo;&#x41C;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x433; &#x438; &#x440;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x438;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44C;&#x438;&#x445; &#x43F;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x431;&#x438;&#x449;&#x26;raquo; &#x413;. &#x414;&#x44C;&#x44F;&#x447;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430; &#x412; &#x410;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x434;&#x44B;&#x440;&#x435; &#x26;ndash; &#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x446;&#x435; &#x427;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x430;&#x432;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x443;&#x433;&#x430; &#x26;ndash; &#x441; 27 &#x444;&#x435;&#x432;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x43E; 1 &#x43C;&#x430;&#x440;&#x442;&#x430; 2008 &#x433;. &#x441;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x44F;&#x43B;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x434;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x443;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x43E;-&#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440; &#x26;laquo;&#x41C;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x433; &#x438; &#x440;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x438;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44C;&#x438;&#x445; &#x43F;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x431;&#x438;&#x449;&#x26;raquo; &#x43F;&#x43E; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x435; &#x26;laquo;EALAT/AVEEN&#x26;raquo;. &#x41E;&#x440;&#x433;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430; &#x432;&#x44B;&#x441;&#x442;&#x443;&#x43F;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x427;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x444;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B; &#x421;&#x435;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43E;-&#x412;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43F;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x443;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x43E;-&#x438;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;&#x442;&#x443;&#x442;&#x430; &#x414;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x442;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x420;&#x410;&#x41D; (&#x427;&#x424; &#x421;&#x412;&#x41A;&#x41D;&#x418;&#x418;), &#x41C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x434;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x446;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x440; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x430; (International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry &#x26;ndash; ICR), &#x410;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x446;&#x438;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x26;laquo;&#x41E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44B; &#x43C;&#x438;&#x440;&#x430;&#x26;raquo; (Association of World Reindeer Herders &#x26;ndash; WRH), &#x421;&#x43E;&#x44E;&#x437; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x427;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43A;&#x438; (Union of Chukotka Reindeer Herders). &#x421;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x445;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x438;&#x43B; &#x432; &#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x445; &#x41C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x434;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x41F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x413;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430; (IPY) &#x26;ndash; &#x433;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x430;, &#x43E;&#x445;&#x432;&#x430;&#x442;&#x438;&#x432;&#x448;&#x435;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43F;&#x43E; &#x441;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x43C; &#x43C;&#x430;&#x441;&#x448;&#x442;&#x430;&#x431;&#x430;&#x43C; &#x431;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x435; 50 &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D; &#x441; &#x443;&#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x442;&#x44B;&#x441;&#x44F;&#x447; &#x443;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x438; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x443;&#x434;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x438; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x449;&#x435;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43E;&#x440;&#x433;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x439;. &#x41D;&#x430;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43C;, &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x430; &#x26;laquo;EALAT/AVEEN&#x26;raquo; &#x441;&#x432;&#x44F;&#x437;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x441; &#x438;&#x437;&#x443;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x438;&#x439; &#x432;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x434;&#x435;&#x439;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x438;&#x437;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x430; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44C;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x431;&#x438;&#x449;&#x430;, &#x430; &#x442;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x436;&#x435; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x449;&#x435;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x430; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x421;&#x435;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x430;. &#x41A;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x435; &#x442;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E;, &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x430; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x445;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x434;&#x438;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x421;&#x435;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x430; &#x438; &#x435;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x438;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x44F;&#x434;&#x443; &#x441; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x443;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x434;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C;&#x438;. &#x413;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x440;&#x435;&#x448;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x437;&#x430;&#x434;&#x430;&#x447; &#x44F;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x44E;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x432;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x438;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;, &#x43C;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x433;, &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43A;&#x430; &#x434;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x438;  &#x438;&#x43D;&#x444;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x438; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x443;&#x434;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440; &#x43E; &#x440;&#x435;&#x437;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x442;&#x430;&#x442;&#x430;&#x445; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x44B;. &#x412; &#x41F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x435; &#x443;&#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x443;&#x44E;&#x442; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438; 6 &#x440;&#x435;&#x433;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;: &#x417;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x421;&#x430;&#x43F;&#x43C;&#x438; (&#x421;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x432;&#x438;&#x44F;), &#x41D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x446;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x430;&#x432;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x43E;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x443;&#x433;, &#x42F;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x43B;, &#x420;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x443;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x430; &#x421;&#x430;&#x445;&#x430; (&#x42F;&#x43A;&#x443;&#x442;&#x438;&#x44F;), &#x427;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x430;&#x432;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x43E;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x443;&#x433; &#x438; &#x410;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x430;. &#x41F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x432;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x434;&#x432;&#x430; &#x434;&#x43D;&#x44F; &#x26;ndash; 27 &#x438; 28 &#x444;&#x435;&#x432;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x26;ndash; &#x443;&#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430;, &#x441;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x438; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x431;&#x44B;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x41D;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x432;&#x435;&#x433;&#x438;&#x438;, &#x424;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x438;&#x438; &#x438; &#x420;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x441;&#x438;&#x438; (&#x443;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x438; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44B;, &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x443;&#x434;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440; &#x41F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x430; &#x427;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x438; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x449;&#x435;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43E;&#x440;&#x433;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x439;, &#x421;&#x41C;&#x418;), &#x43E;&#x431;&#x441;&#x443;&#x436;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x43E;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x432;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x44B; &#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x44B; &#x440;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x438;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x431;&#x438;&#x449; &#x438; &#x438;&#x445; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x445;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;, &#x440;&#x430;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x444;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438; &#x447;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x437; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43B; www.reindeerportal.org, &#x432;&#x437;&#x430;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x435;&#x439;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x443;&#x434;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x438; &#x43D;&#x435;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440; &#x441; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x438;, &#x430; &#x442;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x436;&#x435; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x446;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;-&#x44D;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x44B; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x430;. &#x421;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x443;&#x44E;&#x449;&#x438;&#x435; &#x434;&#x432;&#x430; &#x434;&#x43D;&#x44F; &#x26;ndash; 29 &#x444;&#x435;&#x432;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x438; 1 &#x43C;&#x430;&#x440;&#x442;&#x430; &#x26;ndash; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x445;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x432; &#x441;. &#x41A;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x447;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x43D; &#x410;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x434;&#x44B;&#x440;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x440;&#x430;&#x439;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x438; &#x432; 4-&#x439; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x431;&#x440;&#x438;&#x433;&#x430;&#x434;&#x435; &#x41C;&#x423;&#x41F; &#x26;laquo;&#x41A;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x447;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439;&#x26;raquo;. &#x412; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x435;&#x442;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x434; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x445;&#x43E;&#x437; &#x26;laquo;&#x41A;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x447;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439;&#x26;raquo; &#x44F;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x43B;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x44B;&#x43C; &#x445;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x44F;&#x439;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x432; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x435; &#x438; &#x431;&#x44B;&#x43B; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x436;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43D; &#x43E;&#x440;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x422;&#x440;&#x443;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x41A;&#x440;&#x430;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x417;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;. &#x412; &#x44D;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x445;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x44F;&#x439;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435; &#x442;&#x440;&#x443;&#x434;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x441;&#x44C; &#x413;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x421;&#x43E;&#x446;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x422;&#x440;&#x443;&#x434;&#x430; &#x418;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D; &#x410;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x43E;, &#x430; &#x442;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x436;&#x435; &#x438;&#x437;&#x432;&#x435;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44B;: &#x422;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x447;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x43E;, &#x410;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x43E;, &#x422;&#x430;&#x451;&#x443;&#x440;&#x433;&#x438;&#x43D;, &#x41A;&#x430;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x439; &#x438; &#x434;&#x440;&#x443;&#x433;&#x438;&#x435;. &#x423;&#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x44E;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x442;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x443;&#x44E; &#x432;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x435;&#x447;&#x443; &#x434;&#x432;&#x443;&#x445; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; - &#x413;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x435;&#x432; &#x421;&#x43E;&#x446;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x422;&#x440;&#x443;&#x434;&#x430; &#x410;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x418;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x41F;&#x435;&#x442;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x438;&#x447;&#x430; &#x438; &#x425;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44C;&#x44F;&#x43B;&#x43E; &#x414;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x442;&#x440;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x41A;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x438;&#x447;&#x430;. &#x414;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43C; 29 &#x444;&#x435;&#x432;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x441;&#x44C; &#x441; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C; &#x43F;&#x43E; &#x442;&#x435;&#x445;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;&#x43C; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x44F;&#x442;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43C;, &#x43D;&#x430; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x437;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x438;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43A;&#x430; &#x442;&#x443;&#x448; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435; &#x437;&#x430;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x44F;. &#x417;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x434;&#x438;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440; &#x448;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44B; &#x41D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43A;&#x435;&#x435;&#x432;&#x430; &#x410;.&#x418;. &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x430; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x439; &#x441;&#x43E; &#x448;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x439;. &#x421;&#x432;&#x435;&#x439;&#x43D; &#x414;. &#x41C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x438;&#x441;&#x441;&#x435;&#x43D; (Svein Mathiesen - &#x43D;&#x430;&#x443;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x440;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x44B; &#x26;laquo;EALAT/AVEEN&#x26;raquo;) &#x438; &#x424;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43F;&#x43F;  &#x411;&#x451;&#x440;&#x433;&#x435;&#x441; (Philip Burgess - &#x440;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x430; ICR) &#x432;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x435;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x441;&#x44C; &#x441; &#x443;&#x447;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x444;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x438; &#x441; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x441;&#x44C; &#x43A; &#x448;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x443; &#x441;&#x430;&#x439;&#x442;&#x443;, &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x437;&#x430;&#x432; &#x441;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43B; ICR.  &#x412;&#x435;&#x447;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x438;&#x437; &#x437;&#x430;&#x440;&#x443;&#x431;&#x435;&#x436;&#x44C;&#x44F; &#x421;&#x432;&#x435;&#x439;&#x43D; &#x414;. &#x41C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x438;&#x441;&#x441;&#x435;&#x43D;, &#x410;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x435;&#x448; &#x41E;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x43B; (&#x418;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x434;&#x438;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440; &#x41C;&#x426;&#x41E;), &#x410;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x430;-&#x41C;&#x430;&#x440;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x41C;&#x430;&#x433;&#x433;&#x430; (&#x441;&#x442;&#x443;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x43A;&#x430; &#x423;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x441;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x442;&#x430; &#x410;&#x440;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x438;) &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x441;&#x44C; &#x43E;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x444;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x435;&#x439; &#x441; &#x436;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x41A;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x447;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x43E; &#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435; &#x438; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x438;&#x438; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x430; &#x432; &#x438;&#x445; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x445;. &#x412; &#x441;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x44E; &#x43E;&#x447;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x44C; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44B; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x441;&#x443;&#x434;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x438;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x435; &#x432;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43D;&#x443;&#x44E;&#x449;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x44B;, &#x441;&#x432;&#x44F;&#x437;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x441; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x445;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x43A;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440;&#x44B;. &#x41F;&#x43E;&#x434; &#x437;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x432;&#x435;&#x441; &#x432;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x435;&#x447;&#x438; &#x436;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x441;. &#x41A;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x447;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x43D; &#x441; &#x44D;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x443;&#x437;&#x438;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x432;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x44F;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x431; &#x443;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x438; &#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x442;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445; &#x43E;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x448;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x439; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x434;&#x443; &#x41A;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x447;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x438; &#x41A;&#x430;&#x443;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x435;&#x439;&#x43D;&#x43E; (&#x41D;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x432;&#x435;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;). &#x41E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43C; &#x438;&#x437; &#x44F;&#x440;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445; &#x434;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x439; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430; &#x431;&#x44B;&#x43B; 1 &#x43C;&#x430;&#x440;&#x442;&#x430; &#x432; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x431;&#x440;&#x438;&#x433;&#x430;&#x434;&#x435; &#x2116; 4. &#x423;&#x436;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x43E; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x435; &#x432; &#x431;&#x440;&#x438;&#x433;&#x430;&#x434;&#x443; &#x432;&#x43E; &#x432;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x44F; &#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x43A; &#x443;&#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x441;&#x443;&#x436;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440;&#x443; &#x441;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x433;&#x430; &#x432; &#x442;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x440;&#x435;, &#x445;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440; &#x43F;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x431;&#x438;&#x449; &#x438; &#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x434;&#x438;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44B; &#x445;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44B;. &#x412; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x431;&#x440;&#x438;&#x433;&#x430;&#x434;&#x435; &#x443;&#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x43D;&#x43E; &#x432;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x435;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x430; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x44C;&#x44F; &#x41D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x447;&#x430;&#x439;&#x432;&#x44B;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445;. &#x41F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x448;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x432;&#x43F;&#x435;&#x447;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x44E;&#x449;&#x438;&#x435; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44C;&#x438;&#x445; &#x443;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x44F;&#x436;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x445; &#x441; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x436;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x435;&#x434;&#x438;&#x432;&#x448;&#x438;&#x445;. &#x417;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x432; &#x44F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x433;&#x435; &#x26;ndash; &#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x434;&#x438;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x436;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x449;&#x435; &#x447;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x447;&#x435;&#x439; &#x26;ndash; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x44F;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x44C; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x431;&#x440;&#x438;&#x433;&#x430;&#x434;&#x44B; &#x441; &#x443;&#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430;.  &#x412;.&#x41C;. &#x415;&#x442;&#x44B;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D; &#x26;ndash; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x443;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x440;&#x443;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A; &#x427;&#x424; &#x421;&#x412;&#x41A;&#x41D;&#x418;&#x418; - &#x441;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x43B; &#x43A;&#x440;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x440; &#x446;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x435;&#x437;&#x434;&#x430; &#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x44B; &#x26;laquo;EALAT/AVEEN&#x26;raquo;,  &#x43D;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x432;&#x435;&#x436;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x435; &#x438; &#x444;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x435; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x440;&#x430;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x437;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x43E; &#x432;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x434;&#x435;&#x439;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x438;&#x438; &#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x430; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x43E; &#x438; &#x445;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x447;&#x438;&#x439; &#x442;&#x438;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x430; &#x432; &#x421;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x432;&#x438;&#x438; &#x438; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x427;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43A;&#x435;. &#x41F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x436;&#x430;&#x435;&#x432; &#x410;.&#x41D;. &#x26;ndash; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440; &#x431;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x443;&#x43A; &#x438;&#x437; &#x433;. &#x41C;&#x430;&#x433;&#x430;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x430; - &#x441;&#x43E;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x449;&#x438;&#x43B; &#x43E; &#x441;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x445; &#x438;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;&#x445;. &#x41D;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x41D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x447;&#x430;&#x439;&#x432;&#x44B;&#x43D; &#x412;.&#x412;. &#x432; &#x437;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x44E;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x432; &#x441;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x432;&#x44B;&#x441;&#x442;&#x443;&#x43F;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x438; &#x43E;&#x442;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43B;, &#x447;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x447;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43A; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x44F;&#x43B; &#x441;&#x432;&#x44F;&#x437;&#x44C; &#x441; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x439;, &#x430; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44C; &#x435;&#x435; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x445;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43B;, &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x44D;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x443; &#x447;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43A; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x436;&#x435;&#x43D; &#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x437;&#x430; &#x43D;&#x438;&#x43C;. &#x412;&#x435;&#x447;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43C; 1 &#x43C;&#x430;&#x440;&#x442;&#x430; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x430; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x434;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430; &#x431;&#x44B;&#x43B;&#x430; &#x437;&#x430;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x448;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x438; 2 &#x43C;&#x430;&#x440;&#x442;&#x430; &#x443;&#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430; &#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x441;&#x44C; &#x432; &#x433;. &#x410;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x434;&#x44B;&#x440;&#x44C;. &#x422;&#x430;&#x43A; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x448;&#x435;&#x43B; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x434;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440; &#x432; &#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x445; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x44B; &#x26;laquo;EALAT/AVEEN&#x26;raquo;, &#x43D;&#x430;&#x437;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x432; &#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x435; &#x441; &#x441;&#x430;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x438; &#x447;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x44F;&#x437;&#x44B;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43E;&#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x447;&#x430;&#x435;&#x442; &#x26;laquo;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x431;&#x438;&#x449;&#x435;&#x26;raquo;. This article appeared first on the ANSIPRA website and was written by Galine Diatchkova, who was a participant in the EALAT/Aveen seminar in Chukotka. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/ealat-/-aween---article-from-ansipra</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 28 Mar 2008 02:48:44 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>Dmitry Khorolia, WRH President on NRK </title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/dmitry-khorolia-wrh-president-on-nrk</link>
<description>Dmitry Khorolia the President of the Association of World Reindeer Herders was on NRK Sami Oddasat yesterday. A major conference was being held in Murmansk, the capital of the Kola Peninsula and the main topic of discussion was the poor state of reindeer husbandry in the region. The Kola Peninsula was one of the primary regions of reindeer husbandry in Russia, but has been in severe decline since the 1990&#x26;#39;s, despite its proximity to a potential major market (Murmansk has over 200,000 inhabitants making it the largest city North of the Arctic Circle). Khorolia acknowledged that the situation was bad for reindeer herders in Kola, in particular, illegal poaching and that the loss of the nomadic lifestyle was also a major part of the problem. He stated that the system of reindeer husbandry in Finland might offer solutions to the industry. Nonetheless, he said that there was potential for development of reindeer husbandry in the future Pavel Suliandziga, VP of RAIPON pointed out that the state&#x26;#39;s lack of legal clarity towards indigenous peoples was a major hurdle for indigenous peoples across Russia, inclding the Kola region. Reindeer herders and their representatives present at the meeting said that laws were not the problem, but that the loss of pastures was their major concern. You can watch the segment here (7&#x26;#39;15-9&#x26;#39;55) </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/dmitry-khorolia-wrh-president-on-nrk</guid>
<pubDate>Thu, 27 Mar 2008 09:11:33 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>The &#x27;Manitoba Reunion&#x27;, Kautokeino</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/the-manitoba-reunion-kautokeino</link>
<description>On February 28th, 1898, 113 reindeer herders - men, women and children from Kautokeino and Karasjok in Norway, 539 draft reindeer, 418 sleds, a number of dogs and lichen arrived in New York after a long and arduous ocean crossing from Bossekop, near Alta on the Finnmark coast. The ship they sailed in was called the &#x26;#39;Manitoba&#x26;#39;, hence the name &#x26;ldquo;The Manitoba Expedition.&#x26;rdquo; The herders and reindeer crossed the U.S. by train and after a series of mishaps, made their way to Alaska, heralding the introduction of Sami reindeer husbandry to North America - an extraordinary story that is the subject of an exhibition which it is hoped will be in Kautokeino/ Guovdageaidnu next year for the 4th World Reindeer Herders Congress. The descendents of these reindeer herding migrants returned to Kautokeino, 110 years after their grandparents and great grandparents left for an at times emotional reunion. They were also joined by Faith Fjeld, the editor of Baiki, the North American Sami journal and Nathan Muus, its co editor. Timed to coincide with the Easter festival there were a number of joint activities and information sessions. The International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry and the Assn. of World Reindeer Herders hosted the delegation several times and presented their work to an audience that included one of the main organisers on this side, Reindeer Husbandry Administration head, Ellen Inga O. Haetta. The delegation also visited the Sami University College and subsequently the Sami Parliament in Karasjok. Some of the descendents of the Manitoba expedition, 110 years later backin Kautokeino Many of the descendents remain in Alaska and Washington and have prospered -among them being Margie Brown, who is President of CIRI, one of the 12 in-state Native regional corporations established by Congress under the terms of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, known as ANCSA. Her sister, June was also present, and she is VP of Land &#x26;amp; Natural Resources, for the Calista Corporation, another of the ANCSA corporations. Peter D. Blair, his wife and daughter were also Manitoba descendents. Dr. Blair is Executive Director of the Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences at the US National Academy of Sciences and his daughter Mary is blogging the trip. The Reindeer Portal interviewed several participants and will be showing these in the coming weeks. More.. Manitoba Reunion Photography on the Reindeer Portal </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/the-manitoba-reunion-kautokeino</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 26 Mar 2008 10:05:05 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>Alaska Climate Impact Assessment Final Report</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/alaska-climate-impact-assessment-final-report</link>
<description>The Alaska Climate Impact Assessment Commission final report from the Alaska Legislature was released yesterday.  Follow this link to find a set of commission documents including the final report: http://housemajority.org/coms/cli/cli_finalreport_20080301.pdf The 124 page report points out the climate change is here, is happening and will have dramatic impacts on teh region people, environment and economy. Of interest to the Reindeer Portal, is the complete absence of reindeer from the report (though changed caribou migration routes are mentioned), even though reindeer husbandry has been in Alaka for over a century. Primary threats are identified as being &#x26;bull; Ocean acidification: Approximately 30 percent to 50 percent of human-caused carbon-dioxide emissions are absorbed by the ocean, which -- when coupled with warming seas -- could threaten the ability of crabs and mollusks to form shells, thereby creating dead zones with far-ranging effects on other sea life. (The report advises the state closely monitor ocean pH levels.) &#x26;bull; Thawing permafrost: Rising temperatures pose a special threat to the trans-Alaska pipeline, which was constructed over hundreds of miles of frozen ground. Damage to the pipeline&#x26;#39;s support structures, the report says, could cost up to $800 million to repair. Melting permafrost could also damage hundreds of miles of roads and the foundations and pipes of thousands of public facilities. &#x26;bull; Subsistence harvests: With temperatures rising faster than anywhere else in the nation, vegetation in Alaska has already begun to change -- and several wildlife species are shifting to new terrain as a result. According to testimony received in northwest Alaska, caribou are drifting farther from villages that were originally located close to migration routes in order to harvest them. But the most striking climate-change impact of all, the report says, may well be the need to relocate entire coastal villages -- like Newtok, Shishmaref and Kivalina-- due to dramatic reductions in shore-fast sea ice that used to protect them from violent autumn storms. As many as 162 communities in all could be threatened by erosion and flooding, the report states. &#x22;There is little doubt that Alaskans are feeling the effects of climate change more than anyone else in our nation,&#x22; the report says, quoting remarks delivered last year by Alaska Sen. Ted Stevens. In addition to the commission&#x26;#39;s four legislators (including Rep. Reggie Joule, D-Kotzebue, the vice-chair; Sen. Gary Stevens, R-Kodiak; Sen. Gene Therriault, R-Fairbanks; and Samuels -- the panel also included seven public members with expertise in climatology, economics, wildlife, engineering, tourism, resource industries and affected communities. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/alaska-climate-impact-assessment-final-report</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 26 Mar 2008 07:47:36 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>Sami Family Reunions in Kautokeino</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/sami-family-reunions-in-kautokeino</link>
<description>110 years ago after the Alaska Sami families left Finnmark, their descendents have returned to Kautokeino to connect with their relatives and take part in the Sami Easter festivities. The Sami migration at the end of the 19th Century was the key to the establishment of reindeer husbandry on the Seward Peninsula and subsequently on the MacKenzie Valley Delta in Canada. The Manitoba Expedition The Assn. of World Reindeer Herders and the International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry are taking part in the hosting of the &#x26;#39;American Sami&#x26;#39; with several presentations and festivities planned. Stories and Photos to follow </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/sami-family-reunions-in-kautokeino</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 18 Mar 2008 17:49:22 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>EALAT- Aween Chukotka Workshop - Success!</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/ealat--aween-chukotka-workshop---success</link>
<description>A very successful EALAT Information IPY seminar has just wrapped up in Anadyr, the capital of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, in Russia&#x26;rsquo;s far East. Attended by over 40 people, the Sami delegation included EALAT IPY research project leader Svein Mathiesen, International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry Director, Anders Oskal, S&#x26;aacute;mi student Anne Marja Magga and ICR Reindeer Portal project manager Philip Burgess.  A large region (737,700 km&#x26;sup2;  - two times the size of Norway), though sparsely populated (55,000 in 2004), Chukotka is one of world&#x26;rsquo;s greatest regions of reindeer husbandry, though one which has experienced severe upheaval in the 1990&#x26;rsquo;s when herd numbers fell from over half a million to about 100,000. Their current level is around 170,000 animals. Read the full story here  </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/ealat--aween-chukotka-workshop---success</guid>
<pubDate>Mon, 10 Mar 2008 09:12:19 -0500</pubDate>
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<title>EALAT Workshops in Chukotka, Russia, February 25-March 2, 2008</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/ealat-workshops-in-chukotka-russia-february-25-march-2-2008</link>
<description>IPY EALAT-Outreach is an IPY outreach initiative organized by the International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry (ICR) in cooperation with the Association of World Reindeer Herders (WRH) and others. A part of this project is local case based study workshops organized in reindeer herding societies on the Yamal Peninsula in Western Siberia and Chukotka in the far-east northern part of Russia.  Other EAL&#x26;Aacute;T seminars and workshops have already been held in Kautokeino (Norway), Nadym and Yar Sale (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia). Read the Full Story With Pictures Here   </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/ealat-workshops-in-chukotka-russia-february-25-march-2-2008</guid>
<pubDate>Thu, 21 Feb 2008 13:18:45 -0600</pubDate>
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<title>Tromso Kommune Friendship with Nadym</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/tromso-kommune-friendship-with-nadym</link>
<description>The Tromso Kommune made a friendship agreement with the city of Nadym whose Mayor was in Tromso during the Arctic Frontiers Conference, January 20-25, 2008. The Kommune had a news piece on their website with some pictures. ICR Director Anders Oskal and Svein Mathiesen were also present for the ceremony. Read the Tromso Kommune news release and see pictures here. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/tromso-kommune-friendship-with-nadym</guid>
<pubDate>Mon, 11 Feb 2008 08:26:44 -0600</pubDate>
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<title>ICR Evaluation by Agderforskning Available on Reindeer Portal</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/icr-evaluation-by-agderforskning-available-on-reindeer-portal</link>
<description>In 2007, the International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry was evaluated by the independent research institute Agderforskning/Agder Research in Kristiansand, Norway. The report was written by James Karlsen, Gro Kv&#x26;aring;le and Liv Mari Nesje. You can read and download the full report here on the Reindeer Portal. (pdf, Norwegian) </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/icr-evaluation-by-agderforskning-available-on-reindeer-portal</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2008 02:30:47 -0600</pubDate>
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<title>Anders Oskal Interviewed by NRK Sami Radio on Nenets, Oil and Gas</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/anders-oskal-interviewed-by-nrk-sami-radio-on-nenets-oil-and-gas</link>
<description>ICR Director Anders Oskal was interviewed by NRK Sami Radio on January 29th about the impacts of oil and gas development on Nenets reindeer husbandry. Oskal pointed out that there were a great many actors on the scene, some of whom are not willing to negotiate with reindeer herders. Oskal also said that on his recent visits to the region (Yamal Nenets Autonomous Okrug) it was quite visible how oil and gas installations impacted the landscape and in particular, how pipelines cut reindeer pastures in two. You can read a summary and listen to the interview here. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/anders-oskal-interviewed-by-nrk-sami-radio-on-nenets-oil-and-gas</guid>
<pubDate>Thu, 31 Jan 2008 05:34:12 -0600</pubDate>
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<title>Chinese Delegation Hosted by WRH in Kautokeino</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/chinese-delegation-hosted-by-wrh-in-kautokeino</link>
<description>On Saurday, January 26th, a large Chinese delegation visited Kautokeino and were hosted by the Association of World Reindeer Herders (WRH) and the International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry (ICR). Presentations were made by Johan Mathis Turi, Anders Oskal and Philip Burgess. The visiting delegation included Sun Hui, the Mayor of Genhe and the head of the township Alou Goya which is the centre of reindeer husbandry in China. The visiting delegation expressed a wish to cooperate in the future, to join WRH and share experiences on effective means of building up reindeer husbandry in their region, the only region in China where reindeer husbandry is practiced. One of their challenges mentioned was maintaining herd quality as their characteristic smaller herds are more susceptible to disease, a challenge also faced by reindeer husbandry in Mongolia. The head of the township explained that there were approximately 200 reindeer herders in the region, utilising pastures between 50 and 53 degrees North. More pictures are here. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/chinese-delegation-hosted-by-wrh-in-kautokeino</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2008 06:03:06 -0600</pubDate>
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<title>ICR Meets With Mayor of Nadym, YNAO in Tromso</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/icr-meets-with-mayor-of-nadym-ynao-in-tromso</link>
<description>During the Arctic Frontiers Conference, the city of Tromso signed a friendship agreement with the city of Nadym, Yamal Nenets Autonomous Okrug on January 23, 2008. Anders Oskal and Svein Mathiesen were present at the small ceremony and were able to inform the delegation from YNAO about the work of ICR and WRH.   </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/icr-meets-with-mayor-of-nadym-ynao-in-tromso</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jan 2008 04:30:23 -0600</pubDate>
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<title>ARCTIC: Indigenous Peoples Call for Profits Share - Anders Oskal Interviewed by AFP </title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/arctic-indigenous-peoples-call-for-profits-share---anders-oskal-interviewed-by-afp</link>
<description>TROMS&#x26;Oslash;, Norway -- Indigenous Arctic populations worry about the environmental cost of developing the region&#x26;acute;s rich energy resources but pragmatically say they deserve a cut of the profits. &#x22;The agenda is the agenda of the oil companies,&#x22; said Geir Tommy Pedersen, head of the Sami Council, which represents Samis from across Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. &#x22;We cannot stop the development but we want a part of the benefits and want to play a role in resources development,&#x22; he said on the sidelines of a week-long conference in the northern Norwegian town of Tromsoe on environmental challenges in the Arctic. According to some estimates, the Arctic region harbours a quarter of the world&#x26;acute;s undiscovered oil and natural gas reserves -- riches that have become increasingly accessible as the ice cap continues to melt. &#x22;We want to have a chance to (help) the decision makers to make the right decision for us,&#x22; Pedersen said. Anders Oskal, who heads the International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry, emphasised that broadened human activity in the region would pose a challenge to reindeer and their herders, but said &#x22;oil and gas development is not the worst thing that could happen.&#x22; Such industries are &#x22;very profitable and that at least gives us an opportunity for a positive development of indigenous societies,&#x22; like improving healthcare, schools and other social services in the region, he said. &#x22;In many cases living on the tundra with no connection to civil society, well, it can be a very hard life,&#x22; he pointed out. The Arctic region counts between two and four million inhabitants, spread across territories belonging to Canada, Denmark, Norway, Russia and the United States and including around 20 indigenous groups, according to the Arctic Council. Local know-how could prove invaluable to governments and companies currently developing energy resources in the region, Oskal said. &#x22;We have a competence (so) we should be consulted,&#x22; Pedersen agreed, insisting that indigenous populations should stop being treated &#x22;like an exotic thing for tourists.&#x22; Patricia Cochran, head of the Inuit Circumpolar Council, meanwhile insisted that &#x22;we need to be involved in the process of decision,&#x22; pointing out that in the case of an accident locals would have an easier time living with mistakes they helped make. While the conference participants stressed indigenous populations&#x26;acute; capability of adapting to the coming changes, they also voiced deep concern over the prospects of mismanaged development in the region. &#x22;I am very concerned about long term impacts of oil and gas development in the Arctic. We are afraid of large oil spill,&#x22; Cochran said. The freezing temperatures near the pole are expected to make clean-up efforts after an oil spill more difficult and condemn soiled animals to death from hypothermia. New roads and other infrastructure in previously untouched wilderness areas has already disturbed animal life there, with scientists reporting that roads and pipelines prompt caribou and reindeer to shift migrational routes, affecting wildlife for miles around. Fears that the hunt for black gold could cause irreversible damage to the fragile Arctic ecosystem prompted global conservation group WWF on Tuesday to call for a moratorium on all new oil exploration in the region. Representatives for the indigenous communities there rejected the call however, focusing instead on joining forces with decision makers in the hope of preserving at least a small part of their current way of life. &#x22;I think we need to have a realistic view of the situation. It&#x26;acute;s not very realistic to say the Arctic will be free of oil and gas explorations,&#x22; Oskal said. Cochran agreed. &#x22;We live in reality and we want to be prepared for things that are going to happen,&#x22; she said, adding that her people wanted to &#x22;extract local benefits while (the) oil is still flowing.&#x22; &#x22;We are not just looking at this issue as the victims of development,&#x22; she insisted Read Story Here </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/arctic-indigenous-peoples-call-for-profits-share---anders-oskal-interviewed-by-afp</guid>
<pubDate>Thu, 24 Jan 2008 04:39:29 -0600</pubDate>
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<title>Laererkurs i Kautokeino med fokus pa samenes levekar og konsekvenser av klimaendringene</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/laererkurs-i-kautokeino-med-fokus-pa-samenes-levekar-og-konsekvenser-av-klimaendringene</link>
<description>Lyst til &#x26;aring; bli med i Polar&#x26;aring;ret? Lyst til &#x26;aring; l&#x26;aelig;re mer om samisk historie og kultur? Lyst til &#x26;aring; oppleve moderne reindrift p&#x26;aring; n&#x26;aelig;rt hold? Lyst til &#x26;aring; l&#x26;aelig;re &#x26;aring; forst&#x26;aring; hvilke konsekvenser klimaendringene kan f&#x26;aring; i Nordomr&#x26;aring;dene? Om du svarer ja p&#x26;aring; noen av disse sp&#x26;oslash;rsm&#x26;aring;la b&#x26;oslash;r du s&#x26;oslash;ke p&#x26;aring; dette l&#x26;aelig;rerkurset i Kautokeino 30. mars til 4. april 2008. Bakgrunn og innhold Kurset er organisert som et samarbeid mellom Polar&#x26;aring;ret, Samisk h&#x26;oslash;gskole og polar&#x26;aring;rsprosjektet EALAT. Kurset vil dekke mange av m&#x26;aring;lene i Kunnskapsl&#x26;oslash;ftet som omhandler samisk spr&#x26;aring;k, historie og kultur. Vi starter med oppm&#x26;oslash;te i Alta s&#x26;oslash;ndag 30. mars kl. 15.00 og avslutter i Alta fredag 4. april kl. 16. Tidspunktene passer med SAS sin ankomst og avgang fra Oslo/Troms&#x26;oslash;. M&#x26;aring;lgruppe Alle l&#x26;aelig;rere i grunnskole og videreg&#x26;aring;ende skole Betingelser hver s&#x26;oslash;ker sender en liten oversikt over hvordan en vil bruke Polar&#x26;aring;ret i klassen eller p&#x26;aring; skolen. involvering av hele skolen teller positivt. en m&#x26;aring; regne med &#x26;aring; dele rom med andre Antall deltagere: 20 Kurset er gratis, men deltagerne m&#x26;aring; organisere og betale for transport til/fra Alta. Program og p&#x26;aring;melding Se nedlastbar PDF ovenfor. S&#x26;oslash;knaden sendes p&#x26;aring; epost til Naturfagsenteret v/ Karl Torstein Hetland mailto:karlth@online.no innen 15. februar 2008 </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/laererkurs-i-kautokeino-med-fokus-pa-samenes-levekar-og-konsekvenser-av-klimaendringene</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 18 Jan 2008 09:33:51 -0600</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Arctic Frontiers conference</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/arctic-frontiers-conference</link>
<description>Next week the Arctic Frontiers conference will be held in Tromso and several members of the International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry will be in attendance. A key theme of the week long conference that is split into policy and science sections is oil and gas activity in the Arctic. Several presentations will deal specifically with the impact of oil and gas on indigenous peoples and traditional livelihoods, including reindeer husbandry. A wide range of national politicians, international organisations, indigenous peopels representatives and corporations will be present for the policy section, with acadmics and researchers present for the subsequent science section. The conference will be webcast live. www.arctic-frontiers.com </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/arctic-frontiers-conference</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 18 Jan 2008 02:58:27 -0600</pubDate>
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<item>
<title>New website for EALAT</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/new-website-for-ealat</link>
<description>The EALAT project has moved to a new www home - here on the Reindeer Portal. Currently, the site is in the process of being transferred, but for the time being, you can access it here. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/new-website-for-ealat</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 15 Jan 2008 05:42:00 -0600</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>New videos on the Reindeer Portal - Maret Sara on mining in Finnmark, Vladimir Etylin on reindeer husbandry in Chukotka.</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/new-videos-on-the-reindeer-portal---maret-sara-on-mining-in-finnmark-vladimir-etylin-on-reindeer-husbandry-in-chukotka</link>
<description>We have added two new videos to the Reindeer Portal video archive. First is Maret Sara, a Sami woman from Karasjok, Finnmark who works for the Reindeer Husbandry Administration and is from a reindeer herding background. Since the passing of the Finnmark Act, an enormous number of mining claims have been made in Finnmark, to the consternation of reindeer herders who are already worried about the shortage of quality winter pastures in the region. Recent elections saw the return of the previous Mayor, who in the past has been in favour of welcoming mining to the region. The mutingliste (mining claim list) for Finnmark alone, runs to some 91 pages, with an enormous of claims in the region of Karasjok and Kautokeino, the heart of the Sami reindeer husbandry area. Store Norske Gull AS has made the largest number of claims (Ni, Cu, Au, PGE), other companies include the giant mining company Anglo American Exploration (Ni, Cu, Pt, Pd, Au), Terra Control AS (Cu, Au), All Star Minerals PLC (Th, U), IGE Nordic AB (Cu, Au) Nordic Mining ASA (REE, U) and Scanur AS (Au, Cu, Pb, Zn),   The second video interview is with Vladimir Etylin, ICR board member from Chukotka (which is some 6000 km NE of Moscow) who was born on the tundra in a reindeer herding family, is trained as a scientist, held the post of Vice Governor of Chukotka, and is a member of the International Whaling Committee. He discusses the challenges facing reindeer husbandry today after the disastrous years of the 1990&#x26;#39;s when the number of reindeer fell by nearly 400,000. The mining industry, most particularly for gold, is an industry that may well become a challenge for reindeer husbandry in the future as the region is estimated to hold at least 10 pct of Russia&#x26;#39;s total gold reserves, according to the regional authorities. The Chukotka administration plans to increase gold output from about five tonnes annually at present to between 15 and 20 tonnes by 2010. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/new-videos-on-the-reindeer-portal---maret-sara-on-mining-in-finnmark-vladimir-etylin-on-reindeer-husbandry-in-chukotka</guid>
<pubDate>Thu, 20 Dec 2007 11:05:45 -0600</pubDate>
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<item>
<title>Social and environmental impacts of oil and gas development in Northern Russia</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/social-and-environmental-impacts-of-oil-and-gas-development-in-northern-russia</link>
<description>PRESS ANNOUNCEMENT AND AN INVITATION TO A PRESS CONFERENCE ON TUESDAY 11th OF DECEMBER AT 12.30 AT THE ARCTIC CENTRE   FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE   On 10-11 December 2007 the Arctic Centre, University of Lapland in Rovaniemi, Finland will host a 2-day workshop involving key stakeholders from northern Russia, Finland and Norway. Among the participants will be indigenous representatives, oil and gas industry personnel, NGO representatives, government personnel, and a broadly international mixture of natural and social scientists.   The workshop is the final activity of the 48-month project &#x26;ldquo;Environmental and Social Impacts of Industrialization in Northern Russia (ENSINOR)&#x26;rdquo;, which was funded by the Academy of Finland January 2004- December 2007. The project has made comparative case studies of oil and gas activities in two key federal districts &#x26;ndash; the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO) and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YNAO). NAO and YNAO contain Russia&#x26;rsquo;s most productive proven energy sources for the present and the foreseeable future and so are of particular importance to the energy security of Europe. The extensive gas and oil fields overlap with the homelands of indigenous peoples whose traditional livelihoods &#x26;ndash; reindeer herding, fishing, hunting and gathering &#x26;ndash; are at risk from changes in land use associated with petroleum exploration and exploitation, in addition to climate-related changes. As major clients and/or partners of Russian oil and gas, Finland, Norway and other Western European countries have responsibilities to see that the developments proceeds in a manner that minimizes negative impacts in the affected areas.   The project has involved partners from six academic institutes in Finland and Russia: 1. Arctic Centre, University of Lapland (coordinator); 2. Department of Geography, University of Joensuu; 3. Department of Ecology, University of Joensuu; 4. Department of Biology, University of Oulu; 5. Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow; 6. Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg and Labytnangi. Moreover, the project has extensively collaborated with civil society actors in the Russian regions.   The project has undertaken a thorough multidisciplinary analysis of the social and environmental consequences of energy development in the study regions. This has resulted in the co-production of knowledge that stems from different traditions among both scientists and herders and their respective ways of knowing about contemporary social-ecological systems. The workshop will encompass presentations and smaller working groups on a variety of topics, including: scientific assessments of social and environmental impacts; indigenous perspectives on arctic oil and gas development; building local partnerships and the consultation process; and issues of land tenure and legal rights. There will be invited plenary addresses given by experts from Norway, Canada and the United Kingdom. These topics are especially timely, as the Arctic Council will release its first circumpolar &#x26;ldquo;Assessment of Oil &#x26;amp; Gas Activities&#x26;rdquo; in January in Troms&#x26;oslash;, Norway. The 2-day workshop at Arctic Centre 10-11 December has been funded primarily by Finland&#x26;rsquo;s Ministry of Environment and Ministry of Foreign Affairs. StatoilHydro of Norway provides additional sponsorship. The main workshop languages will be English and Russian, with simultaneous translation between these during the plenary sessions. A press conference will be held in the Polarium theatre, Arctic Centre at 12:30 on Tuesday 11.12.2007. Contacts for further information: Research Professor, Docent Bruce Forbes Phone:             +358-40-8479202        , E-mail: bruce.forbes (at) lapland.fi Senior Scientist Florian Stammler Phone:             +358-40-0138807        , E-mail: florian.stammler (at) ulapland.fi Scientific Communicator Riku Lavia Phone:             +358-40-0624435        , Email: riku.lavia (at) ulapland.fi www.arcticcentre.org </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/social-and-environmental-impacts-of-oil-and-gas-development-in-northern-russia</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 05 Dec 2007 14:00:35 -0600</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Dmitry Khorolia, President Association of World Reindeer Herder&#x27;s Address to Arctic Council, Narvik, Nov 29, 2007</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/news-test/news/dmitry-khorolia-president-association-of-world-reindeer-herders-address-to-arctic-council-narvik-nov-29-2007</link>
<description>&#x423;&#x432;&#x430;&#x436;&#x430;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x441;&#x435;&#x434;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;! &#x414;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x44B; &#x438; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430;! &#x41E;&#x442; &#x438;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438; &#x410;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x446;&#x438;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438; &#x41E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x41C;&#x438;&#x440;&#x430; &#x44F; &#x445;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B; &#x431;&#x44B; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x433;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430;&#x440;&#x438;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x410;&#x440;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x421;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x435;&#x442; &#x438; &#x41D;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x432;&#x435;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44E; &#x437;&#x430; &#x442;&#x43E;, &#x447;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x43D;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x442; &#x443; &#x441;&#x435;&#x431;&#x44F; &#x41F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442; EALAT &#x418;&#x43D;&#x444;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44F;, &#x432; &#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x445; &#x41C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x434;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x41F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x413;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430;. &#x414;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x435;, &#x410;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x446;&#x438;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x442;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x436;&#x435; &#x431;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x433;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430;&#x440;&#x438;&#x442; &#x420;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x441;&#x438;&#x439;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x443;&#x44E; &#x424;&#x435;&#x434;&#x435;&#x440;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44E; &#x438; &#x433;&#x443;&#x431;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x430; &#x42F;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43E;-&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x446;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x430;&#x432;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x443;&#x433;&#x430; &#x437;&#x430; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x440;&#x443;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x43E; &#x432; &#x44D;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x435;. &#x41E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x438;&#x437; &#x437;&#x430;&#x434;&#x430;&#x447; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x430; EALAT &#x44F;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x435;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43E;&#x440;&#x433;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x435;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x442;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x445; &#x432;&#x44B;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x441;&#x430; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x44C;&#x44F; &#x441;&#x435;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44F; &#x432; &#x441;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x432;&#x430;&#x436;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445; &#x440;&#x435;&#x433;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x445;. &#x41E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44B; &#x44D;&#x442;&#x438;&#x445; &#x440;&#x435;&#x433;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x449;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43A; &#x410;&#x440;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x443; &#x421;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x435;&#x442;&#x443; &#x43F;&#x43E; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x43C;, &#x441;&#x432;&#x44F;&#x437;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C; &#x441; &#x430;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43F;&#x442;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x435;&#x439; &#x43A; &#x438;&#x437;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44F;&#x43C; &#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x430;. &#x41A;&#x430;&#x43A; &#x44F; &#x443;&#x436;&#x435; &#x443;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x44F;&#x43D;&#x443;&#x43B;, &#x43E;&#x434;&#x438;&#x43D; &#x438;&#x437; &#x440;&#x44F;&#x434;&#x430; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432; EAL&#x410;T, &#x431;&#x44B;&#x43B; &#x43E;&#x440;&#x433;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x440;&#x438;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x438; &#x417;&#x430;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x421;&#x438;&#x431;&#x438;&#x440;&#x438; 20-24 &#x441;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x44F;&#x431;&#x440;&#x44F; 2007. &#x423;&#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430; &#x432; &#x442;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x440;&#x435;, &#x432; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43A; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x448;&#x435;&#x439; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x433;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438;, &#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x447;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44B; &#x431;&#x440;&#x438;&#x433;&#x430;&#x434;&#x44B; &#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x440; 17, &#x441;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x445;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x430; &#x42F;&#x440;-&#x421;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439;, &#x432;&#x438;&#x446;&#x435;-&#x433;&#x443;&#x431;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440; &#x42F;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x430;, &#x41F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x441;&#x435;&#x434;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C; &#x43E;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x443;&#x436;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x414;&#x443;&#x43C;&#x44B; &#x42F;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43E;-&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x446;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x430;&#x432;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x443;&#x433;&#x430;, &#x433;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x432;&#x44B; &#x43C;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x439;, &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x440;&#x433;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438;. &#x42F;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43E;-&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x446;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x430;&#x432;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x43E;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x443;&#x433; &#x26;ndash; &#x441;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x43A;&#x440;&#x443;&#x43F;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x440;&#x435;&#x433;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D; &#x43C;&#x438;&#x440;&#x430;, &#x433;&#x434;&#x435; &#x432;&#x44B;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x441;&#x430;&#x435;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x441;&#x435;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44C;, &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x437;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E; &#x441; 600.000 &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x44C;&#x44F; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x448;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44F;, &#x438; 10 000 &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;, &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x44E;&#x449;&#x438;&#x435; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x431;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x430;&#x442;&#x443;&#x44E; 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&#x440;&#x435;&#x441;&#x443;&#x440;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C; &#x446;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x420;&#x424;, &#x433;&#x434;&#x435; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44B; &#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x442;&#x440;&#x435;&#x442;&#x44C;&#x44F; &#x43C;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x433;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x437;&#x430;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x432;. &#x412;&#x430;&#x436;&#x43D;&#x43E; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x44F;&#x442;&#x44C;, &#x447;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44B; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x436;&#x43D;&#x44B; &#x438;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x434;&#x438;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x442;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x440;&#x44B; &#x43A;&#x430;&#x436;&#x434;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x434;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44C; &#x434;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x436;&#x438;&#x437;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E;, &#x443;&#x447;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x439;&#x447;&#x438;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x430; &#x432; &#x410;&#x440;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x435;. &#x421;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x440;&#x443;&#x434;&#x