<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rss version="2.0">
<channel>
<title>Eal&#xE1;t News</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news</link>
<description></description>

<item>
<title>&#x22;Fullt i Kautokeino&#x22; </title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/fullt-i-kautokeino</link>
<description>(NRK Sami Radio) Deltakere i Arktisk R&#x26;aring;d m&#x26;aring;tte ta i bruk utradisjonelle l&#x26;oslash;sninger. Se video! </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/fullt-i-kautokeino</guid>
<pubDate>Thu, 20 Nov 2008 01:11:29 -0600</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>PRESSEMELDING - ARKTISK R&#xC5;D SAO-M&#xD8;TE I GUOVDAGEAIDNU/ KAUTOKEINO 19.-20. NOVEMBER</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/pressemelding---arktisk-rd-sao-mte-i-guovdageaidnu/-kautokeino-19_-20_-november2</link>
<description></description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/pressemelding---arktisk-rd-sao-mte-i-guovdageaidnu/-kautokeino-19_-20_-november2</guid>
<pubDate>Sun, 16 Nov 2008 17:27:25 -0600</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>&#xC1;rktala&#x161; r&#xE1;&#x111;&#x111;i S&#xE1;pm&#xE1;i</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/rktala-ri-spmi</link>
<description>&#x26;Aacute;rktala&#x26;scaron; r&#x26;aacute;&#x111;i ambassa&#x26;shy;devrat &#x10D;oahkkanit boahtte vahkku Guovda&#x26;shy;geidnui. Lagabui 200 &#x26;aacute;lgo&#x26;shy;&#x26;aacute;lbmoga bohtet S&#x26;aacute;pm&#x26;aacute;i, diga&#x26;scaron;tallat &#x26;aacute;rktala&#x26;scaron; h&#x26;aacute;stalusaid.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/rktala-ri-spmi</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 14 Nov 2008 14:32:00 -0600</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>EALAT Invited to Launch of World Resources Institute 2008 Report</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-invited-to-launch-of-world-resources-institute-2008-report</link>
<description>Svein Mathiesen, EALAT project leader has been invited to be a</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-invited-to-launch-of-world-resources-institute-2008-report</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2008 07:52:21 -0600</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>SAO Meeting in Guovdageaidnu / Kautokeino 19-20 November</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/sao-meeting-in-guovdageaidnu-/-kautokeino-19-20-november</link>
<description>The Senior Arctic Officials Meeting is being held in Kautokeino /</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/sao-meeting-in-guovdageaidnu-/-kautokeino-19-20-november</guid>
<pubDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2008 05:36:42 -0600</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>EALAT NORACIA Report Released</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-noracia-report-released</link>
<description>A new EALAT report has just been released - The IPY &#x26;ndash; Eal&#x26;aacute;t Vitenskapelig Seminar Kautokeino15.-16. Februar 2007 - prepared by Svein  Mathiesen, M&#x26;aacute;ret Heatta, and R&#x26;aacute;vdn&#x26;aacute; Biret M&#x26;aacute;rj&#x26;aacute; Eira. The report is related to the first EALAT workshop in Guovdageaidnu / Kautokeino in February 2007, following the Indigenous Peoples International Polar Year Opening.    The report is in Norwegian, and has been prepared for NORACIA (the Norwegian follow up to the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment   You can download the report here </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-noracia-report-released</guid>
<pubDate>Mon, 10 Nov 2008 12:40:58 -0600</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Guovdageaidnu / Kautokeino Webcam Launched</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/guovdageaidnu-/-kautokeino-webcam-launched</link>
<description>A live web camera for Guovdageaidnu / Kautokeino has been launched. Set to auto refresh every 1 minute, the camera is set looking south across the Guovdageaidnu river and the church. See the webcam here </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/guovdageaidnu-/-kautokeino-webcam-launched</guid>
<pubDate>Mon, 10 Nov 2008 05:44:09 -0600</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>EALAT Information VACCA Presentation Online</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-information-vacca-presentation-online</link>
<description>You can now watch Anders Oskal&#x27;s presentation on the EALAT</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-information-vacca-presentation-online</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 29 Oct 2008 11:27:29 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Arctic Council SDWG Week - Photographs Available</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/arctic-council-sdwg-week---photographs-available</link>
<description>This week has seen intense activity for the EALAT project with the Arctic Languages Symposium, the Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change in the Arctic (VACCA) and the Arctic Council Sustainable Development Working Group meeting.  You can look at photographs here Read a summary of the VACCA meeting here Read a summary of the Arctic Languages Symposium here </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/arctic-council-sdwg-week---photographs-available</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 24 Oct 2008 06:15:31 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>VACCA - EALAT Presents Best Practices</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/vacca---ealat-presents-best-practices</link>
<description>The Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change in the</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/vacca---ealat-presents-best-practices</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 24 Oct 2008 06:09:03 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Arctic Languages Symposium - Good Intentions Are Not Enough</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/arctic-languages-symposium---good-intentions-are-not-enough2</link>
<description>The Arctic Indigenous Languages Symposium got underway in Tromso on Monday (20 October) and continued (Tuesday 21 October). This week, Tromso is host to a series of seminars and workshops that are connected to the Arctic Council Sustainable Development Working Group. A long planned and eagerly awaited symposium, it was well attended with Arctic language speakers, researchers, representatives and culture workers from around the Arctic.      The keynote presentation  was made by Mary Simon, President of Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami with the theme, &#x27;Good Intentions are Not Enough&#x27;, asking when it will be normal for Inuit children to grow up lingual in Canada. Simon said that shifts needed to occur in the way that nation states perceived indigenous  languages. Progress has been made but Inuktitut language usage is decreasing. Simon however noted the apology by the Canadian government this year for the treatment of aboriginal peoples in the Residential School system that did so much to erode indigenous language usage and expressed the sentiment that this might signify an historic shift in Canada&#x27;s relations with indigenous peoples. Simon also stated that policy processes also needed to shift and in so doing, education and control of  governance needed to be transferred to indigenous peoples.      EALAT Project leader Svein Mathiesen, Anna Degteva, Ole Isak Eira, Kristina Labba, Anders Oskal, Anne Maria Magga. Hugues Sicard of UNESCO spoke of the UNESCO&#x27;s role in the promotion, protection and recognition of indignous languages, language rights and UNESCO&#x27;s cultural instruments such as the 2003 Convention of the Protection of intangible cultural heritage, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the UN Atlas of Endangered Languages.   Representatives of Nivkh and Evenki speakers made presentations on the status of indigenous languages in Russia and they were followed by long time Inuktitut language advocate Jose Kusugak. Kusugak called for a single Inuktitut dialect that would facilitate the language&#x27;s strength and remove the current need for 5 translators at Inuit Circumpolar Conference meetings, for example. EALAT researcher Inger Marie Gaup Eira presented her work in EALAT as a linguist, and snow terminologies, and the work of her students under the CEAVVI project. Gaup spoke of the critical importance of language and knowledge and its role in adapting to climate change.     Inger Marie Gaup Eira presents her EALAT research   Carl Christian Olsen gave a historical overview of the processes in Greenland and the importance of specific policy steps that need to be taken. Tatiana Achirgina, a Chukchi journalist and language teacher (who attended the EALAT Information seminar in Anadyr, Chukotka), spoke of the dire situations of some languages in the Chukotka region with some of the losses being irreversible. Zacharias Kunuk, the famous Inuit fim director (Attarnarjuat - The Fast Runner) gave his presentation in Inuktitut. He spoke of his vision of an indigenous people&#x27;s television network for the Arctic and how ISUMA TV has initiated the first steps in this regard. Social networking for indigenous peoples needs to move at the same speed as governments and mining companies, Kunuk stated. The goal of ISUMA TV is to create Inuit expertise in the digital age. ISUMA TV has already compiled hundreds of hours of film and video that is available on demand through the ISUMA TV website. As Kunuk said, &#x27;Mining companies plan ahead - so should we&#x27;. The advances made in automatic translations and online dictionaries using automated processes was outlined, by Per Langgard and Trond Trosterud of Greenland and Norway. Philip Burgess introduced the concept of the Arctic Portal, the Reindeer Portal and EALAT web resources and Sami student and reindeer herder Anne Maria Magga spoke about what an indigenous peoples language portal might contain - and envisaged a site where Sami could look up Chukchi reindeer terminology on a site that had Sami radio, literature, poetry and art. The final day saw Hishinlai&#x27; Kathy Sikorski of the Gwich&#x27;in Council International show how languages classes can be held in Gwich&#x27;in. Gunn Britt Retter of the Saami Council clearly made  the point that language is a key to protecting the environment and reminded listeners that Sami language, in common with other indigenous languages, predates christianity. This was echoed by Yupik Vera Metcalf from St Lawrence Island, Alaska, that language, culture and identity are inseperable.       EALAT project leader Ole Henrik Magga closed the symposium. In Norway, Magga said, it is possible to see the positive effects of changes in language legislation. This, Magga stated must not be about promoting &#x27;bilingualism&#x27; - which he called a dangerous concept. In his community this concept has actually meant that more resources have been pumped into supporting the majority Norwegian language. Places and situations are different and importing other peoples solutions rarely works Magga explained and he went on to say that there was no such thing as a minimum number of speakers of a language. There are example from many parts of the world where it has been shown that language revitalisation is possible, although some conflict may be necessary to achieve one&#x27;s goals. Magga closed by saying that   &#x22;Some governments need to be reminded that when they redrew the borders, that they not only took responibility for indigenous peoples resources, but also for our languages. This Symposium is a positive step. In the spirit of the Salekhard Declaration, a continuity is called for.&#x22; EALAT was well represented, with EALAT project leader Svein Mathiesen, EALAT researchers and participants including Inger Marie aup Eira, Anna Degteva, Ole Isak Eira and Anne Maria Magga. International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry Director, Anders Oskal was also present and the entire seminar was webcast on the Arctic Portal by ICR employee Philip Burgess in collaboration with ISUMA tv. watch here... www.arcticportal.org www.isuma.tv </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/arctic-languages-symposium---good-intentions-are-not-enough2</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2008 06:10:28 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Saami Council Press Releases - Language Provides Unique Insight</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/saami-council-press-releases---language-provides-unique-insight</link>
<description>In advance of the Arctic Indigneous Languages conference in Tromso this week at which EALAT researchers will be present and which will be webcast on the Arctic Portal, the Saami Council in a press release have drawn attention to the critical link between local knowledge and Arctic indigenous languages. Gunn Britt Retter of the Saami Council said &#x22;Development in the North is happening at record speed, while the</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/saami-council-press-releases---language-provides-unique-insight</guid>
<pubDate>Sun, 19 Oct 2008 03:22:59 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Tromso - EALAT Well Represented!</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/tromso---ealat-well-represented</link>
<description>Next week (October 19-24) will see an enormous amount of activity in Tromso and EALAT will be well represented. First off is the Arctic Indigenous Languages seminar</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/tromso---ealat-well-represented</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 15 Oct 2008 15:42:08 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Fieldwork in EALAT WP 6</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/fieldwork-in-ealat-wp-6</link>
<description>Elli Risten Nerg&#x26;aring;rd is Sami researcher pursuing her Phd in Work Package 6 of the EALAT project. She is a trained veterinarian, has worked for the Norwegian Mattilsynet and is currently a Major in the Norwegian army. These last few weeks have seen an intense period of field work on both a small herd of animals that are being housed at the Department of Arctic Biology (part of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Tromso, also the home of EALAT researcher Monica Sundset). Eli was also taking part in the Ardni siida reindeer roundup that is beginning their return migration to their winter pastures in Kautokeino. After reindeer are gathered on the island of Arnoya, they are swum across the channel. Ardni siida is one of the last to swim their reindeer as today, most transport their reindeer by ship. Nerg&#x26;aring;rd was on hand to assist with castration in a herd that belongs in part to EALAT researcher Inger Marie Gaup Eira.      Aslat Ande Gaup and Eli Risten Nerg&#x26;aring;rd at Ardni siida roundup, Arn&#x26;oslash;ya. Nerg&#x26;aring;rd&#x27;s research concerns the critical issue of castration in a herd of reindeer - an issue that encompasses individual animal welfare and herd wellbeing and Sami herders autonomy regarding their ability to shape their herd according to climatic, ecological and biological requirements. Her working title is Aspects of castration and animal welfare in the reindeer herd in a changing climate.     Eli Risten Nerg&#x26;aring;rd measure breathing rate, pulse and oxygen saturation In the controlled herd in Tromso she was assisted in her field work by reindeer herders and students Lena Monica Siri and Ole Iska Eira, and reindeer herders Issat Turi, Jon Andreas Utsi who are all from Kautokeino.      Nerg&#x26;aring;rd&#x27;s experimentation involves examining the responses of reindeer to alternative forms of castration. Field work in Tromso also included recording various data including blood sampling, temperatures, weight, height and antler formation and behaviour around a female in heat.   L-R Philip Burgess, Lena Monica Siri, Eli Risten Nerg&#x26;aring;rd, Issat Turi, Jon Andreas Utsi, Ole Isak Eira.    </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/fieldwork-in-ealat-wp-6</guid>
<pubDate>Thu, 09 Oct 2008 15:50:20 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>EALAT, University of the Arctic and IPY Legacy</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-university-of-the-arctic-and-ipy-legacy</link>
<description>EALAT was featured extensively in the recent University of the Arctic newsletter which is the International Polar Year Legacy edition. Anders Oskal has contributed an article to the publication entitled &#x27;Old Livelihoods in New Weather - Arctic Indigenous Reindeer Herders Facing the  Global Challenge of Climate Change. Read the full newsletter attached </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-university-of-the-arctic-and-ipy-legacy</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 10 Oct 2008 03:21:54 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>IP IPY Opening Report - Download PDF</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ip-ipy-opening-report---download-pdf</link>
<description>The opening of Indigenous Peoples International Polar Year (IP-IPY) </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ip-ipy-opening-report---download-pdf</guid>
<pubDate>Mon, 29 Sep 2008 08:48:02 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Nytt gratis magasin - IPY</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/nytt-gratis-magasin---ipy</link>
<description>Et nytt 48-siders magasin presenterer en del av Norges bidrag til Det internasjonale polar&#x26;aring;ret. Noe av hensikten med magasinet er &#x26;aring; vise hva polarforskere gj&#x26;oslash;r for &#x26;aring; samle data og hva slags p&#x26;oslash;rsm&#x26;aring;l de pr&#x26;oslash;ver &#x26;aring; finne svar p&#x26;aring;. Denne gangen kan du ogs&#x26;aring; lese om elever i videreg&#x26;aring;ende som fikk pr&#x26;oslash;ve seg polarforskere p&#x26;aring; et isflak mellom Gr&#x26;oslash;nland og Svalbard i sommer. Fjor&#x26;aring;rets magasin hadde et opplag p&#x26;aring; 40.000. Da det gikk tomt fortsatte bestillingene &#x26;aring; dryppe inn. N&#x26;aring; trykker vi 50.000.  Magasinet sendes ut i ett klassesett til alle videreg&#x26;aring;ende skoler med studieforberedende linje uten forh&#x26;aring;ndsbestilling - med mulighet til &#x26;aring; bestille flere. Det g&#x26;aring;r ogs&#x26;aring; ut enkelteksemplarer til alle ungdomsskoler, med mulighet til &#x26;aring; bestille gratis klassesett. Magasinet presenterer noe av det som skjer iverdens st&#x26;oslash;rste forskningsprogram. Polar&#x26;aring;ret omfatter en lang rekke store prosjekter som forsker p&#x26;aring; klima og v&#x26;aelig;r, problemstillinger som igjen har blitt h&#x26;oslash;yaktuelle de siste m&#x26;aring;nedene. Du kan lese om hvordan forskerne skal forbedre v&#x26;aelig;rmeldingene. Du kan lese om hvordan urfolk p&#x26;aring; tundraen i Russland f&#x26;aring;r levek&#x26;aring;rene sine endret av omfattende oljevirksomhet. Og du kan lese om tokt og ekspedisjoner som du senere kan f&#x26;oslash;lge p&#x26;aring; internett. Magasinet er fullt av flotte bilder fra polomr&#x26;aring;dene, pent pakket inn av designerne i FeteTyper. Hvis du vil titte p&#x26;aring; magasinet f&#x26;oslash;r du bestiller, kan du &#x26;aring;pne vedlagte PDF.  </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/nytt-gratis-magasin---ipy</guid>
<pubDate>Sun, 28 Sep 2008 15:49:16 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Milj&#xF8;kamp p&#xE5; tundraen - IPY MODIL NAO</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/miljkamp-p-tundraen---ipy-modil-nao2</link>
<description>Under tundraen i det nord&#x26;oslash;stlige hj&#x26;oslash;rnet av Barentsregionen, Nenets Autonome Okrug, skjuler det seg enorme olje- og gassreserver. Oljeselskapene har v&#x26;aelig;rt her helt siden 1960-tallet, men de siste ti &#x26;aring;rene har petroleumsaktivitetene tatt helt av.  For urbefolkningen som bor der, nenetserne og Izjma-komierne, har det svarte gullet f&#x26;aring; kilometer under permafrosten forandret livet p&#x26;aring; tundraen dramatisk. Der nomadene i uminnelige tider har gjett flokkene sine og levd naturalhusholdningens pengel&#x26;oslash;se liv, r&#x26;aring;der n&#x26;aring; oljer&#x26;oslash;rledninger, bulldoserspor og enorme produksjonsanlegg. Tundra og reinbeite &#x26;oslash;delegges og forurenses i stor skala.   Read the full article at IPY.NO  </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/miljkamp-p-tundraen---ipy-modil-nao2</guid>
<pubDate>Sun, 28 Sep 2008 15:40:12 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Minna P.E. M&#xE4;kitalo - &#xC1;RKTALA&#x160; SEMIN&#xC1;RA AN&#xC1;RIS</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/minna-p_e_-mkitalo---rktala-seminra-anris</link>
<description>Boazobargobadji Eal&#x26;aacute;t-An&#x26;aacute;r - Suoma Boazos&#x26;aacute;mit rs &#x10D;&#x26;aacute;lli, Ergon Duomm&#x26;aacute; &#x26;Aacute;nne Minna, Minna P.E. M&#x26;auml;kitalo. Eal&#x26;aacute;t-An&#x26;aacute;r bargobajiin &#x26;aacute;lggiimet rievtti mielde mii ordnejeaddjit  juo sotnabeaieahkes. Golbma o&#x111;&#x111;a ja movttegis boazos&#x26;aacute;mi nuora Elen-Anne Sara S&#x26;aacute;lliv&#x26;aacute;ris, Nils-Jonas Ketola Giehtaruohttasis ja Anne-Maria Magga Neakkela b&#x26;aacute;lgosis ledje &#x10D;oahkkanan gullat eanet sin bargogova birra. Okta oassi Eal&#x26;aacute;t-pro&#x26;scaron;eavttas lea namalassii dokumenteret ja vurket boazodolliid &#x26;aacute;rbevirola&#x26;scaron; m&#x26;aacute;htu ja die&#x111;u ja daid vuo&#x111;ul raporteret boazodoalu dili birra &#x26;Aacute;rktala&#x26;scaron; R&#x26;aacute;&#x111;&#x111;&#x26;aacute;i.   M&#x26;aacute;nnodaga &#x10D;uovuimet &#x26;Aacute;rktala&#x26;scaron; semin&#x26;aacute;ra Doaivonj&#x26;aacute;rggas ja ee. gulaimet movttegis m&#x26;aacute;ilmmid&#x26;aacute;si viehkki Wilson Kirwa s&#x26;aacute;hkavuoru, man oaive&#x26;aacute;&#x26;scaron;&#x26;scaron;i lei dat ahte juohke sajis galg&#x26;aacute; leat positiivvala&#x26;scaron; ja juohkit &#x26;aacute;rbevirola&#x26;scaron; die&#x111;u nuorat buolvvaide. Suohtas lei  maiddai gullat ahte sin m&#x26;aacute;ilmmis &#x26;scaron;addet danin jo&#x111;&#x26;aacute;nis viehkkit go sin vierrun lea fitnat vie&#x17E;&#x17E;ame nubbi gilis gusaid luoikkasin ja dalle galg&#x26;aacute; ruovttum&#x26;aacute;tkkis leat jo&#x111;&#x26;aacute;n viehkat vai ii g&#x26;aacute;vnnahala/jovssahala J Eahkeda mielde Piera M&#x26;aacute;htte Ruotsala ja Janne Kitti ie&#x17E;as ohppiiguin &#x26;aacute;lge suovastuhttit biergguid ja geah&#x10D;adit l&#x26;aacute;vvobiergasiid v&#x26;aacute;lmmasin ihtt&#x26;aacute; beaivvi bargobaji v&#x26;aacute;r&#x26;aacute;s.   Disdati&#x111;it mii &#x10D;oahkkaneimmet cegget bealljegoa&#x111;i Doaivonj&#x26;aacute;rgii, min Boazo-bargobadjin. Goahti leige buorre, daningo mis ledje nu ollu oassev&#x26;aacute;ldit min bargobajis, lagabui 30 olbmo. Buohkat, geain lei miella gullat Antti-Oula Juuso ja Antti J Magga muitaladdama, &#x10D;&#x26;aacute;hke sisa ja s&#x26;aacute;gastallama ovdala&#x26;scaron; boazodoalus ja mot dat &#x26;aacute;&#x26;scaron;&#x26;scaron;it leat ovd&#x26;aacute;nan dan beaivvi boazodollui. Nj&#x26;aacute;lgga suovasbierggu ja &#x10D;ielgem&#x26;aacute;ll&#x26;aacute;sa boradettiin muhtimin goa&#x111;is bajidedje jienaidnai go &#x26;scaron;attai s&#x26;aacute;hka d&#x26;aacute;s, ahte mii lea buorre dan beaivvi boazodoalus ja mii ii. Midjiide ordnejeddjiide dat goitge lei buorre mearka d&#x26;aacute;s ahte mii galgat d&#x26;aacute;vjjibut &#x10D;ohkk&#x26;aacute;dit ja  &#x22;l&#x26;aacute;vostallat&#x22; ja humadit &#x26;aacute;&#x26;scaron;&#x26;scaron;iid birra, mat leat midjiide deh&#x26;aacute;la&#x10D;&#x10D;at ja &#x26;aacute;igeguovdilat.   Ma&#x14B;imus s&#x26;aacute;hkavuoruin bo&#x111;ii ovdii ahte ru&#x111;ala&#x10D;&#x10D;at boazodoallit eai birge nu beare bures, daningo eallin divro, erenoam&#x26;aacute;&#x17E;it bensiidna, muhto boazodoalu sisaboa&#x111;ut eai &#x10D;uovo dan seamma linjj&#x26;aacute;. Daddjui maidd&#x26;aacute;i ahte mii galgat oa&#x17E;&#x17E;ut erenoam&#x26;aacute;&#x26;scaron; doarjagiid dasa ahte mii bastit nuorat buolvvaid movttiidahttit boazodoalloeal&#x26;aacute;hussii ja dan min boazodoallom&#x26;aacute;llii, masa oktan deh&#x26;aacute;la&#x26;scaron; oassin gull&#x26;aacute; guo&#x111;oheapmi. &#x26;Aacute;iddiid eai nuge h&#x26;aacute;liidan lasi, daningo dat dahket eanet v&#x26;aacute;ttisvuo&#x111;aid boazodollui. Ie&#x17E;an mielas fas v&#x26;aacute;illahan doarjagiid oba boazodoallobearra&#x26;scaron;a vuhtiiv&#x26;aacute;ldimii. Mu mielas nissonolbmot, sin boazodoallobarggut ja eallinoainnut v&#x26;aacute;ikkuhit hui ollu diesa leatgo mis boahttevuo&#x111;as boazodoallit d&#x26;aacute;ppe s&#x26;aacute;meguovllus.   Dat Boazu-bargobadji lei s&#x26;aacute;vvamis &#x26;aacute;lgu s&#x26;aacute;gastallamii mii guosk&#x26;aacute; d&#x26;aacute;lkk&#x26;aacute;datrievdamiidda ja &#x26;aacute;rbevirola&#x26;scaron; m&#x26;aacute;htu &#x26;aacute;vkk&#x26;aacute;stallama d&#x26;aacute;l&#x26;aacute; boazodoalus. Leat deh&#x26;aacute;la&#x26;scaron; &#x26;aacute;&#x26;scaron;&#x26;scaron;it mat leat d&#x26;aacute;lnai jo&#x111;us d&#x26;aacute;ppe Suoma beale s&#x26;aacute;meguovllus ja mat leat erenoam&#x26;aacute;&#x26;scaron; deh&#x26;aacute;la&#x10D;&#x10D;at boazos&#x26;aacute;pmela&#x10D;&#x10D;aide. Okta dain lea POLURA -l&#x26;aacute;ga o&#x111;asmahttin. Suoma st&#x26;aacute;hta h&#x26;aacute;liida ratifiseret ILO 169 soahpamu&#x26;scaron;a ja ee. dat ahte maidd&#x26;aacute;i POLURA -l&#x26;aacute;ga bokte st&#x26;aacute;hta s&#x26;aacute;ht&#x26;aacute;&#x26;scaron;ii g&#x26;aacute;vdnat buriid vejola&#x26;scaron;vuo&#x111;aid ratifiserema duohtandahkamii ja lahkonit ratifiserema ulbmiliid.   Giitt&#x26;aacute;n bealistan Eal&#x26;aacute;t-pro&#x26;scaron;eavtta joavkku doarjagis ja veahkkis ordnet Suoma beale S&#x26;aacute;mis d&#x26;aacute;kk&#x26;aacute;r bargobaji. Giitt&#x26;aacute;n maid SOGSAKK vi&#x26;scaron;&#x26;scaron;alis bargiid Janne Kitti ohppiiguin, Laila Aikio ja Outi Korpil&#x26;auml;hde. Govvat Suoma Boazos&#x26;aacute;mit </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/minna-p_e_-mkitalo---rktala-seminra-anris</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 26 Sep 2008 01:49:21 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Inger Marie Gaup Eira - &#xC1;RKTALA&#x160; SEMIN&#xC1;RA AN&#xC1;RIS</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/inger-marie-gaup-eira---rktala-seminra-anris</link>
<description>&#x26;Aacute;RKTALA&#x26;Scaron; SEMIN&#x26;Aacute;RA AN&#x26;Aacute;RIS 22. JA 23.9.08</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/inger-marie-gaup-eira---rktala-seminra-anris</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 26 Sep 2008 01:50:19 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Otne &#x2013; Riikkaidgaskasa&#x161; Pol&#xE1;ra Beaivi - Olbmot</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/otne--riikkaidgaskasa-polra-beaivi---olbmot</link>
<description>&#x10C;ak&#x10D;am&#x26;aacute;nu 24.b. 2008 lea gu&#x111;at geardde Riikkaidgaskasa&#x26;scaron; Pol&#x26;aacute;ra Beaivi, ja d&#x26;aacute;n h&#x26;aacute;ve lea s&#x26;aacute;hka olbmuid birra. Olbmot leat &#x26;aacute;ssan &#x26;Aacute;rktala&#x26;scaron; guovllus m&#x26;aacute;&#x14B;ga duh&#x26;aacute;t jagi, ovd&#x26;aacute;nahtt&#x26;aacute;n gealbbuid, strategiijaid ja b&#x26;aacute;ikk&#x26;aacute;la&#x26;scaron; m&#x26;aacute;htu mo birget pol&#x26;aacute;ra dilis. Sii lihkostuvve go leat geavahan b&#x26;aacute;ikk&#x26;aacute;la&#x26;scaron; biepmu maid vi&#x17E;&#x17E;et meahcis ja mearas, go ohppe johttit ja rasttidit oadjebasat eatnamiid, jie&#x14B;aid ja meara, sirkum-&#x26;aacute;rktala&#x26;scaron; g&#x26;aacute;vppa&#x26;scaron;eami bokte, ja go leat vurken buot m&#x26;aacute;htu ie&#x17E;aset gillii ja kultuvrii. Ma&#x14B;imu&#x26;scaron; &#x10D;uohtejagiid leat olbmot olggobealde pol&#x26;aacute;ra guovlluid, &#x26;aacute;vkk&#x26;aacute;stallan riggodagaid ja b&#x26;aacute;ggen politihkala&#x26;scaron; doaimmaid, mat leat rievdadan pol&#x26;aacute;ra guovlluid &#x26;aacute;ssiid eal&#x26;aacute;husaid ja eallindiliid sihke buori ja bah&#x26;aacute;s guvlui. D&#x26;aacute;lkk&#x26;aacute;datrievdamat ja o&#x111;&#x111;a &#x26;aacute;vkk&#x26;aacute;stallamat buktet duo&#x111;ala&#x26;scaron; h&#x26;aacute;stalusaid &#x26;aacute;rktala&#x26;scaron; &#x26;aacute;lbmogiidda. Searvva IPY doaimmaide &#x10D;ak&#x10D;am&#x26;aacute;nu 24.b. oahppan dihte eambbo pol&#x26;aacute;ra guovlluid ja &#x26;aacute;lbmogiid birra. Geavaheamis stoalppu d&#x26;aacute;id siidduid gurut bealde, s&#x26;aacute;ht&#x26;aacute;t g&#x26;aacute;vdnat m&#x26;aacute;&#x14B;ga vuogi mo oas&#x26;aacute;lastit ja seamm&#x26;aacute;s leat mielde b&#x26;aacute;ikk&#x26;aacute;la&#x26;scaron; ja glob&#x26;aacute;la s&#x26;aacute;gastallamiin, g&#x26;aacute;vdnat  r&#x26;aacute;dios&#x26;aacute;ddagiid &#x26;aacute;rktala&#x26;scaron; Kanadas ja &#x26;aacute;lggahit virtu&#x26;aacute;la bieggasp&#x26;aacute;ppa.   More Information Here Launch Virtual Balloon Here See the EALAT Balloon Here </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/otne--riikkaidgaskasa-polra-beaivi---olbmot</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 24 Sep 2008 13:57:44 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Today - International Polar Day - People </title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/today---international-polar-day---people</link>
<description>September 24th, 2008 marks the sixth quarterly International Polar Day, this time focusing on People. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/today---international-polar-day---people</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 24 Sep 2008 06:21:54 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title> Renn&#xE4;ringen hotas av utslagning </title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/-rennringen-hotas-av-utslagning</link>
<description>Klimatf&#x26;ouml;r&#x26;auml;ndringarna g&#x26;ouml;r att renen snart blir ett husdjur som m&#x26;aring;ste matas och hela rensk&#x26;ouml;tseln &#x26;auml;r p&#x26;aring; v&#x26;auml;g att d&#x26;ouml; ut. Upsala Nya Tidning,av Tom Juslin  </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/-rennringen-hotas-av-utslagning</guid>
<pubDate>Fri, 19 Sep 2008 15:26:22 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Sept 24 - International Polar Day - People</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/sept-24---international-polar-day---people</link>
<description>September 24th, 2008 marks the sixth quarterly International Polar Day, this time focusing on People. People have lived in the Arctic for many millennia, developing skills,</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/sept-24---international-polar-day---people</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:54 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Skandinavisk l&#xE6;rerkurs p&#xE5; Lysebu!</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/skandinavisk-lrerkurs-p-lysebu</link>
<description>Klima, isbj&#x26;oslash;rn, reindrift, dinosaurjakt og milj&#x26;oslash;gift i fisk er blant</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/skandinavisk-lrerkurs-p-lysebu</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:54 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>New EALAT Phd Student - Eli Risten Nerg&#xE5;rd </title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/new-ealat-phd-student---eli-risten-nergrd</link>
<description>Eli Risten Nerg&#x26;aring;rd is the most recent addition to</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/new-ealat-phd-student---eli-risten-nergrd</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:54 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>EALAT WP leader Erik Reinert Wins Myrdal Prize</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-wp-leader-erik-reinert-wins-myrdal-prize</link>
<description>EALAT Work Package 4 leader Erik Reinert, author of the groundbreaking book, How Rich Countries Got Rich ... and Why Poor Countries Stay Poor</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-wp-leader-erik-reinert-wins-myrdal-prize</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:54 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>200 d&#xF8;de rein ingen katastrofe</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/200-dde-rein-ingen-katastrofe</link>
<description>Under &#x26;aring;rets telling av rein i Adventdalen ble det funnet kadaver av</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/200-dde-rein-ingen-katastrofe</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:53 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Snow, Climate Change and Herders Knowledge in Sweden</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/snow-climate-change-and-herders-knowledge-in-sweden</link>
<description>Researchers in Sweden are also looking at the impact of climate change on snow and engaging Sami reindeer herders knowledge in their quest, as outlined in a story from SR Samiradio. Snow and ice condistions have always been of interest to reindeer herders and over generations have accumulated an immense body of knowledge about snow conditions. Lately, with climate change impacting reindeer pastures, researchers are becmoning interested in this knowledge. Snow and ice researcher Cecilia Johansson is getting help from reindeer herders in Saarivuoma and Gabna sameby to get a wider perspective on her research. Icy snow conditions have been prevalent since the 1960;s according to Johansson and increasing variability seems to be the future for reindeer husbandry Original Story here    </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/snow-climate-change-and-herders-knowledge-in-sweden</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:53 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>AUG 15 - Prosjektkonsulent til prosjektet Ealat / Ealat Project Coordinator Position</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/aug-15---prosjektkonsulent-til-prosjektet-ealat-/-ealat-project-coordinator-position</link>
<description>Prosjektkonsulent til prosjektet Eal&#xE1;t / Eal&#xE1;t Project Coordinator Position. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/aug-15---prosjektkonsulent-til-prosjektet-ealat-/-ealat-project-coordinator-position</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 24 Sep 2008 07:07:42 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Article about EALAT wins award!</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/article-about-ealat-wins-award</link>
<description>Jodi Rave, a Native journalist who visiited Kautokeino during the Same Voice but Different Indigenous Media conference earlier this year (webcast on the Arctic Portal),  took the time to interview several key EALAT researchers and wrote on an article about the research project, reindeer husbandry and climate change. For this article she won an award (See links below)</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/article-about-ealat-wins-award</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:53 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>IPY Oslo Science Conference 2010 - 1st Circular </title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ipy-oslo-science-conference-2010---1st-circular</link>
<description>The IPY Oslo Science Conference will demonstrate, strengthen, and extend IPY&#x26;rsquo;s remarkable accomplishments in science and outreach. The Conference represents an essential opportunity to display and explore the full breadth and implications of IPY activities. The Oslo Science Conference will emphasize the breadth and global impact of polar research during IPY. It will highlight the extraordinary interdisciplinary and multinational efforts in research and in communication of research to the public. Participants will present early scientific results from all the IPY themes, particularly in the urgent areas of: 1. Linkages between polar regions and global systems 2. Past, present and future changes in polar regions 3. Polar ecosystems and biodiversity 4. Health and well-being of northern people and communities 5. New frontiers and new directions in polar research   Download circular below  </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ipy-oslo-science-conference-2010---1st-circular</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:53 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>EALAT Poster at IASC/SCAR IPY, St. Petersburg</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-poster-at-iasc/scar-ipy-st_-petersburg</link>
<description>Mikhail Pogodaeva, participant and organiser of the EALAT information workshop in Topolinoe, Sakha (Yakutia)LINK participated in the SCAR/IASC IPY Open Science Conference in St. Petersburg, Russia July 8th &#x26;ndash; 11th 2008. Entitled Polar Research - Arctic and Antarctic Perspectives in the International Polar Year, the SCAR IASC/IPYconference was a substantial conference with hundreds of participants from all over the world. Mikhail presented a poster on the EALAT project, reindeer husbandry in Sakha (Yakutia) and the EALAT Information project. He also participated in several sessions, mainly in the People and Change topic, chaired by E. Andreeva (who presentation on Corporate Social Responsibility and the Yamal Peninsula you can read on the Reindeer Portal. Of particular interest to Pogodaeva was a presentation by Konstantin Klokov on the harvesting of wild birds in the Russian North in the session on the the role of traditional knowledge in Polar research. Mikhail is Even, was born in Topolinoe and currently pursues his studies in St Petersburg. All pictures by Mikhail Pogodaeva </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-poster-at-iasc/scar-ipy-st_-petersburg</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:53 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>EALAT &#x26; IPY Presented at ESOF, Barcelona</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat--ipy-presented-at-esof-barcelona2</link>
<description>Tomorrow, Friday July 18th, EALAT and the International Polar Year (IPY) will be presented at the Euroscience Open Forum (ESOF) &#x27;Science for a Better Life&#x27;, conference in Barcelona, Spain. ESOF is a large international conference with hundreds of participants and multiple themes. EALAT and IPY is being held within the theme of Communicating Science, in the session Research and Outreach Cooperation during the International Polar Year: Dazzling Science and Powerful Messages The</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat--ipy-presented-at-esof-barcelona2</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:53 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>EALAT Presented at IASC, Cheltenham, UK</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-presented-at-iasc-cheltenham-uk</link>
<description>EALAT Phd Students at the Sami University College, Inger Marie Gaup Eira and Mathis Bongo (Working Package 3 </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-presented-at-iasc-cheltenham-uk</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:53 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>EALAT Fieldwork - WP 2 - Yamal Peninsula </title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-fieldwork---wp-2---yamal-peninsula</link>
<description>We spoke with EALAT Phd student Anna Degteva this week, while she is conducting her field work on the Yamal Peninsula. The Yamal Peninsula is home to the Nenets people and to the largest area of reindeer hubandry in the world. Anna is a part of Work Package 2, &#x27;Customisation of Pasture Conditions for Reindeer Pastoralism&#x27; and this summer is accompanying Brigade Number 4 on their Northward migration to the Kara Sea. Degteva&#x27;s participation in EALAT has been made possible by a cooperation between the Sami Univesrity College, Kautokeino Norway and The St. Petersburg State University, Russia, where Degteva is to be supervised by Konstantin Klokov. Conditions for migration have been good, and calf production has been high. Brigade 4 is an interesting case as its migration route crosses the ever exapnding installations of Gazprom&#x27;s Bovanenkovo Gas oil and gas field. Bovanenkovo is a key part of Russia&#x27;s future energy plans and part of a multi billion dollar plan to extract and export natural gas by pipeline, rail and sea to Western Europe. The Bovanenkovskoe field, which after 2011 will produce a total of 115 billion cubic meters of gas annually, is the biggest in the Yamal, and a top priority for Gazprom. Pipelines, roads, bridges, quarries and oil and gas installations are currently being built in one of Europes largest construction projects. Some estimates say that at least 50,000 workers are needed to complete the construction, most of whom will have to be flown in.   The level of construction has meant that for the first time mobile phone coverage is now available on this part of the tundra - which in the past was possible only by satelite phone. With Brigadiers of Brigade 4 and 8, Degteva has spent the last few days visiting quarries assessing progress on quarries scheduled for rehabilitation (in Brigade 8) under a series of agreements between herders and oil companies. The Brigade 4 Brigadier was also present during the EALAT Information seminar held in Yar Sale in the fall of 2007. Anna is Veps, and completed her MA at the University of Tromso, entitled &#x27;&#x22;Oil Industry and Reindeer Herding: The problems of Implementing Indigenous Rights in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia&#x27;  She followed this with a period of field work on the Yamal Peninsula in the ENSINOR project (about which you can read a report on the final seminar here on the Reindeer Portal. She expect to return from field work late August / early September. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-fieldwork---wp-2---yamal-peninsula</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:53 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>New EALAT Publication - by Monica Sundset</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/new-ealat-publication---by-monica-sundset</link>
<description>EALAT research project work package leader (and International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry Board Member) Monica Sundset has had a new article published in the journal Microbial Biology, entitled &#x27;Molecular Diversity of the Rumen Microbiome of Norwegian Reindeer on Natural Summer Pasture&#x27;. Sundset was lead author, other autohors included project leader Svein Mathiesen. Go here for abstract and download details.  </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/new-ealat-publication---by-monica-sundset</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:53 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Climate Change in Russia - Major New Report</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/climate-change-in-russia---major-new-report</link>
<description>MOSCOW - Oxfam and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) have teamed up to produce the first report on the impact of climate change in Russia on the well-being of Russian society according to Bellona. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/climate-change-in-russia---major-new-report</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:53 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Tundra Fires - Online from NASA</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/tundra-fires---online-from-nasa</link>
<description>Smoke from intense fires in southeastern Russia poured over the Sea of Okhotsk on June 30, 2008. This natural-color image of the fires (marked in red) is made from data collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors on NASA&#x26;rsquo;s Terra and Aqua satellites on June 30. The fires are affecting Amur, Khabarovsk, and southern Sakha Provinces in Russia&#x26;rsquo;s Far East.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/tundra-fires---online-from-nasa</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:53 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>SCAR/IASC/IPY Conference Webcast on Arctic Portal</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/scar/iasc/ipy-conference-webcast-on-arctic-portal</link>
<description>Live Webcast of the SCAR/IASC IPY Conference - Opening</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/scar/iasc/ipy-conference-webcast-on-arctic-portal</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:52 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Jimmy Carter &#x26; Bob Corell to Svalbard</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/jimmy-carter--bob-corell-to-svalbard</link>
<description>Svalbardposten carried a story last week that the former US President Jimmy Carter will be visiting the Arctic islands of Svalbard on 11 July to &#x22;create a new and broad based American leadership that can solve the problems related to climate change&#x22;. With Carter will be dozens of key personnel from business, politics and science: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment Chair and EALAT project team member Bob Corell will be among them. The trip is being organised by the National Geographic Society.  </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/jimmy-carter--bob-corell-to-svalbard</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:52 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>UN Permanent Forum - Report on 7th Session</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/un-permanent-forum---report-on-7th-session</link>
<description>The EALAT Project was presented to the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UN PFII 21 April-2 May, 2008) at a special session of the 7th session in the Economic and Social Council, New York. EALAT Project leader Svein Mathiesen and International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry Director Anders Oskal presented the EALAT project and took questions. There has long been a sizeable Sami delegation to the PF, which included EALAT partner,  the Sami Council. The final report is now available for download (see below) and it make reference to the issue of climate change and its impact on indigenous peoples over 60 times.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/un-permanent-forum---report-on-7th-session</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:52 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Resilience School! Featuring Fikret Berkes</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/resilience-school-featuring-fikret-berkes</link>
<description>The Stockholm Resilience Centre (established in 2007) in the Stockholm University held a major conference this year and Fikret Berkes, who was in Kautokeino at the Traditional Knowledge seminar is featured on their website at &#x27;Resilience School&#x27; discussing &#x27;adaptice comanagement&#x27;.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/resilience-school-featuring-fikret-berkes</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:52 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Background Paper on Adaptation to Climate Change in the Arctic</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/background-paper-on-adaptation-to-climate-change-in-the-arctic</link>
<description>In Febraury, 2008, a Joint Seminar of the UArctic Rectors&#x2019; Forum and the Standing Committee of Parliamentarians of the Arctic Region was held in Rovaniemi, Finland. The Proceeding are now available for download. EALAT Project leader Svein Mathiesen  coauthored with Prof. Mark Nuttall and Pierre Andre Forest a &#x27;Background Paper on Adaptation to Climate Change in the Arctic&#x27;.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/background-paper-on-adaptation-to-climate-change-in-the-arctic</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:52 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>&#x22;We&#x27;re toast if we don&#x27;t get on a very different path,&#x22; NASA&#x27;s James Hansen</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/were-toast-if-we-dont-get-on-a-very-different-path-nasas-james-hansen</link>
<description>Exactly 20 years after warning America about global warming, a top NASA scientist said the situation has gotten so bad that the world&#x27;s only hope is drastic action. &#x22;We&#x27;re toast if we don&#x27;t get on a very different path,&#x22; Hansen, director of the NASA Goddard Institute of Space Sciences who is sometimes called the godfather of global warming science, told The Associated Press. &#x22;This is the last chance.&#x22;</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/were-toast-if-we-dont-get-on-a-very-different-path-nasas-james-hansen</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:52 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>From the Arctic to Africa: How Climate Change is affecting the Health of our Planet. </title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/from-the-arctic-to-africa-how-climate-change-is-affecting-the-health-of-our-planet</link>
<description> &#x22;We need science centres in the North that present traditional knowledge</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/from-the-arctic-to-africa-how-climate-change-is-affecting-the-health-of-our-planet</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:52 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>New Article - Marybeth Long Martello</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/new-article---marybeth-long-martello</link>
<description>Arctic Indigenous Peoples as Representations and Representatives of Climate Change. Abstract - Recent scientific findings, as presented in the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA), indicate that climate change in the Arctic is happening now, at a faster rate than elsewhere in the world, and with major implications for peoples of the Arctic (especially indigenous peoples) and the rest of the planet. This paper examines scientific and political representations of Arctic indigenous peoples that have been central to the production and articulation of these claims. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/new-article---marybeth-long-martello</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:52 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Al Gore: New thinking on the climate crisis - On Video</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/al-gore-new-thinking-on-the-climate-crisis---on-video</link>
<description>In Al Gore&#x27;s brand-new slideshow (premiering exclusively on TED.com), he presents evidence that the pace of climate change may be even worse than scientists were recently predicting, and challenges us to act with a sense of &#x22;generational mission&#x22; -- the kind of feeling that brought forth the civil rights movement -- to set it right. Gore&#x27;s stirring presentation is followed by a Q&#x26;A in which he is asked for his verdict on the current political candidates&#x27; climate policies and on what role he himself might play in future. (Recorded March 2008 in Monterey, California. Duration: 27:54.)</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/al-gore-new-thinking-on-the-climate-crisis---on-video</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:52 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Recognition of Climate Change Risks in Russia - &#x41F;&#x440;&#x438; &#x433;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43F;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x438; &#x441;&#x435;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440; &#x420;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x441;&#x438;&#x438; &#x436;&#x434;&#x443;&#x442; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x448;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x440;&#x443;&#x448;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; </title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/recognition-of-climate-change-risks-in-russia----------</link>
<description>(Story from Barents Observer) Global warming could bring &#x22;terrible destruction&#x22; in the Russian North, the country&#x27;s Ministry of Emergency Situations admits.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/recognition-of-climate-change-risks-in-russia----------</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:52 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>EALAT Presentations to S&#xE1;mediggi</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-presentations-to-smediggi</link>
<description>The EALAT project was presented to a special Climate Change seminar at the Sami Parliament in Karasjok on Wednesday, 28 May, 2008. The project was introduced by Project Leader Svein Mathiesen. ANders Oskal followed with an outline of the EALAT Information project. EALAT researcher Ellen Inga Turi, who recently defended her Masters thesis at the University of Oslo and Johan Mathis Turi closed by discussing one of the central themes of EALAT - local compentence and traditional knowledge.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-presentations-to-smediggi</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:52 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Interview with Dagrun Vikhamar Schuler</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/interview-with-dagrun-vikhamar-schuler</link>
<description>EALAT Work Package One is entitled &#x22;Identification of Local Climate Conditions Important for Reindeer Herding and Development of Basic Climate Scenarios&#x22; and is headed by Dr. Inger Hanssen Bauer at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute. One of the WP&#x27;s researchers is Dagrun Vikhamar Schuler at the Institute headquarters in Oslo who works on modelling snow stratigraphy. She works closely with Inger Marie Gaup Eira of the Sami University College.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/interview-with-dagrun-vikhamar-schuler</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:52 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Eva Wiklund - Food Tasting Results / Resultat konsumenttest Samisk h&#xF6;gskola 26 maj 2008</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/eva-wiklund---food-tasting-results-/-resultat-konsumenttest-samisk-hgskola-26-maj-2008</link>
<description>Meat scientist Eva Wiklund was teaching in last week in the Reindeer Husbandry and Nature course at the Sami University College, Kautokeino / Guovdageiadnu. As part of the course, she held a meat tasting sesson where students and seminar participants could &#x27;blind&#x27; taste various types of meat and classify them according to different control categories.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/eva-wiklund---food-tasting-results-/-resultat-konsumenttest-samisk-hgskola-26-maj-2008</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:52 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>EALAT Information Sakha Republic - New Video</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-information-sakha-republic---new-video</link>
<description>The recent EALAT Information workshop and interviews is the subject of a new video on EALAT.org</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-information-sakha-republic---new-video</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:51 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>EALAT Information Chukotka - New Documentary</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-information-chukotka---new-documentary</link>
<description>When EALAT Information held a workshop and seminar in Chukotka, that included EALAT Project leader Svein Mathiesen, World Reindeer Herders General Secretary Johan Mathis Turi and International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry Director Andesr Oskal and employee Anna Maria Magga and Philip Burgess, they were accompanied by a photographer and film maker Andrey Kutskiy. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-information-chukotka---new-documentary</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:51 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Masters theses in EALAT</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/masters-theses-in-ealat</link>
<description>Several Masters theses have been published that are connected to the EALAT project, the most recent of which is Ellen Inga Turi&#x27;s Masters thesis comparing the social organisation of reindeer pastoralism in Western Finnmark and the Yamal Peninsula</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/masters-theses-in-ealat</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:51 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>New Publication by EALAT Team Member, Nick Tyler</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/new-publication-by-ealat-team-member-nick-tyler</link>
<description>A new publication by EALAT researcher Nick Tyler, in collaboration with Mads Forchhammer and Nils Oritsland has been published in the journal Ecology, the journal of the Ecological Society of America.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/new-publication-by-ealat-team-member-nick-tyler</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:51 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Erik S. Reinert Article in Klassekampen</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/erik-s_-reinert-article-in-klassekampen</link>
<description>Noen s&#xE5;kalt primitive folkeslag i Stillehavet</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/erik-s_-reinert-article-in-klassekampen</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:51 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Utfordrer lokalsamfunn &#xE5; tilpasse seg klimaendringene</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/utfordrer-lokalsamfunn--tilpasse-seg-klimaendringene</link>
<description>- Klimaendringer vil f&#xF8;re til st&#xF8;rre tilstr&#xF8;mnning av folk til arktiske str&#xF8;k. Jo f&#xF8;r lokalsamfunn tilpasser seg dette, jo bedre, mener direkt&#xF8;r Anders Oskal ved forskningsprosjektet Ealat, reindrift i et klima under endring.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/utfordrer-lokalsamfunn--tilpasse-seg-klimaendringene</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:51 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Meat Quality Seminar - Pictures added</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/meat-quality-seminar---pictures-added</link>
<description>The meat quality seminar held in in Guovdageaidnu / Kautokeino was  a great success with over 40 people participating. Participants included reindeer herders, scientists, staff from  Mattilsynet, and students from the Reindeer Herding and Nature course that is currently taking place at the Sami University College.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/meat-quality-seminar---pictures-added</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:51 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>EALAT to Sami Parliament, Karasjok</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-to-sami-parliament-karasjok</link>
<description>The EALAT project will be presented to a special assembly of the Sami Parliament in Karasjok on Wednesday, 28 May, 2008. Project leader Svein Mathiesen will introduce the project, other presenters will include EALAT researcher Inger Marie Gaup Eira, Ellen Inga Turi, and also the organiser of the EALAT Information workshop in Chukotka, who has been visiting the International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry this week. Story and Pictures to follow.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-to-sami-parliament-karasjok</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:51 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Seminara biergokvalitehta - Seminar on Meat Quality</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/seminara-biergokvalitehta---seminar-on-meat-quality</link>
<description>New Zealand senior biergodutki Eva Wiklund ja oarjels&#xE1;mi boazodoalli ja biergofitnodateaigg&#xE1;t Nils Tony Brandsfjell logaldallet semin&#xE1;ras bohccobierggu kvalitehtas. Semin&#xE1;ra lea S&#xE1;mi allaskuvllas ja rabas buohkaide. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/seminara-biergokvalitehta---seminar-on-meat-quality</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:51 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>EALAT Information at the Arctic Council SDWG - Pictures added</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-information-at-the-arctic-council-sdwg---pictures-added</link>
<description>The EALAT Information project was presented to the Arctic Council Sustainable Development Working Group meeting in Oslo. This was a status report on progres smade since the last SDWG meeting held in Vadso. The Association of World Reindeers is an Observer to the Arctic Council. The delegation included Johan Mathis Turi, Vladimir Etylin, Anders Oskal, Svein Mathiesen, Anna Maria Magga and Philip Burgess.</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-information-at-the-arctic-council-sdwg---pictures-added</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:51 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Job Announcement - Radgiver EALAT prosjektet</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/job-announcement---radgiver-ealat-prosjektet</link>
<description>STILLINGSBETEKNING </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/job-announcement---radgiver-ealat-prosjektet</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:50 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>ARCUS Seminar Webcast May 14, 15</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/arcus-seminar-webcast-may-14-15</link>
<description>The Arctic Research Consortium of the United States (ARCUS) is holding their annual seminar in Washington DC today (May 14 and tomorrow May 15). The seminar is being webcast. Watch for Rune Fjellheim, of the Arctic Council Indigenous People&#x27;s Secretariat </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/arcus-seminar-webcast-may-14-15</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:50 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Olav Mathis Eira Appeals to British PM</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/olav-mathis-eira-appeals-to-british-pm3</link>
<description>This story originally appeared in the London Independent. Olav Mathis Eira is a reindeer-herder. So was his father. And his father&#x27;s father. He is a member of the Sami community, one of the largest indigenous groups remaining in Europe, and his family have been herding reindeer in the same stretch of the Norwegian Arctic since the 1400s. (Story from the London Independent) </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/olav-mathis-eira-appeals-to-british-pm3</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:50 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Norway&#x27;s statement to the UN PFII</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/norways-statement-to-the-un-pfii</link>
<description>&#x22;Indigenous peoples need the support of both national authorities and</description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/norways-statement-to-the-un-pfii</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:50 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Global Warming Linked to Caribou-Calf Mortality</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/global-warming-linked-to-caribou-calf-mortality</link>
<description>This story from Penn State Eberly College of Science Fewer caribou calves are being born and more of them are dying in West Greenland as a result of a warming climate, according to Eric Post, a Penn State associate professor of biology. Post, who believes that caribou may serve as an indicator species for climate changes including global warming, based his conclusions on data showing that the timing of peak food availability no longer corresponds to the timing of caribou births. The study, which was conducted in collaboration with Mads Forchhammer at the University of Aarhus in Denmark, will be published in the 12 July 2008 issue of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Caribou -- which are closely related to wild reindeer -- are dependent on plants for all their energy and nutrients. Throughout the long Arctic winter, when there is no plant growth, they dig through snow to find lichens; however, in spring they rapidly switch to grazing on the new growth of willows, sedges, and flowering tundra herbs. As the birth season approaches, they are cued by increasing day length to migrate into areas where this newly-emergent food is plentiful.     Credit: Eric Post Fewer caribou calves are being born and more of them are dying in West Greenland as a result of a warming climate. But this routine, which has worked for millennia, is faltering because caribou are unable to keep pace with certain changes that have occurred as a result of global warming. When the animals arrive at their calving grounds now, pregnant females find that the plants on which they depend already have reached peak productivity and have begun to decline in nutritional value. According to Post, the plants -- which initiate growth in response to temperature, not day length -- are peaking dramatically earlier in response to rising temperatures. &#x22;Spring temperatures at our study site in West Greenland have risen by more than 4 degrees Celsius over the past few years,&#x22; said Post. &#x22;As a result, the timing of plant growth has advanced, but calving has not.&#x22; The phenomenon, called trophic mismatch, is a predicted consequence of climate change, in which the availability of food shifts in response to warming, whereas the timing of demand for those resources does not keep pace. Trophic mismatches have been documented in birds -- with the most famous example being the study on Dutch birds and their caterpillar prey that was highlighted in former Vice President Al Gore&#x26;#39;s film An Inconvenient Truth -- but, until now, the phenomenon had not been observed in terrestrial mammals. &#x22;Our work is the first documentation of a developing trophic mismatch in a terrestrial mammal as a result of climatic warming,&#x22; said Post. &#x22;And the rapidity with which this mismatch has developed is eye-opening, to say the least.&#x22; Click on image for high-resolution file.   Credit: Eric Post Fewer caribou calves are being born and more of them are dying in West Greenland as a result of a warming climate. While Post and Forchhammer think it is possible that caribou will respond to a warming climate by advancing the timing of their reproduction, they are not convinced that the species will be able to compensate fully for the rapid rates of temperature change that are yet to come. &#x22;They&#x26;#39;re a little behind the game already and future warming will make it even harder for them to catch up,&#x22; said Post. &#x22;This factor is just one of many related to climate change -- such as thaw-freeze cycles, ice-crust formation, and severe storms -- that may make it difficult for caribou populations to persist at their former abundance.&#x22; This research was funded by the University of Alaska, the Penn State Institutes of Energy and the Environment, and the National Geographic Society Committee for Research and Exploration. CONTACTS: Eric Post: (+1) 814-865-1556, esp10@psu.edu Barbara Kennedy (PIO): (+1) 814-863-4682, science@psu.edu </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/global-warming-linked-to-caribou-calf-mortality</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:50 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Seminarium-Dokumentation av traditionell kunskap..</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/seminarium-dokumentation-av-traditionell-kunskap_</link>
<description>Seminarium  &#x26;rdquo;Dokumentation av traditionell kunskap inom den samiska kulturen &#x26;ndash; fr&#x26;aring;gor om etik och praktiska erfarenheter&#x26;rdquo; Den 2-3 juni h&#x26;aring;lls ett seminarium d&#x26;auml;r de f&#x26;ouml;rsta erfarenheterna fr&#x26;aring;n de pilotprojekt som startade &#x26;aring;r 2007 kommer att redovisas. Plats Clarion Hotel Grand (vid Storsj&#x26;ouml;teatern), &#x26;Ouml;stersund </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/seminarium-dokumentation-av-traditionell-kunskap_</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:49 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Polar Institute Seminar on Climate Change and Animal Health </title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/polar-institute-seminar-on-climate-change-and-animal-health</link>
<description>Mandag 19. mai 2008 kan du delta p&#x26;aring; et miniseminar p&#x26;aring; Polarmilj&#x26;oslash;senteret i Troms&#x26;oslash; om klimaendringer og dyresykdommer. I l&#x26;oslash;pet av dr&#x26;oslash;yt to timer vil det bli gitt en kort innf&#x26;oslash;ring i kunnskapsstatus om klimaendringer og mulige effekter av disse p&#x26;aring; infeksjonssykdommer hos dyr b&#x26;aring;de i vann og p&#x26;aring; land. Geografisk fokus for seminaret er norsk Arktis, dvs. Nord-Norge, Svalbard og Barentshavet Miniseminaret markerer starten for en todagers workshop om samme tema med spesielt inviterte internasjonale og nasjonale fagpersoner p&#x26;aring; omr&#x26;aring;det. Resultatene fra denne workshopen skal oppsummeres i en rapport som vil bli lagt ut p&#x26;aring; NorACIAs hjemmesider.   Det er NorACIA v/Norsk Polarinstitutt og Seksjon for arktisk veterin&#x26;aelig;rmedisin v/Norges Veterin&#x26;aelig;rh&#x26;oslash;gskole som i fellesskap arrangerer b&#x26;aring;de workshopen og det &#x26;aring;pne miniseminaret.   Lurer du p&#x26;aring; status i forhold til klimaendringene og om mulige virkninger av disse p&#x26;aring; fisk, sj&#x26;oslash;pattedyr og dyr p&#x26;aring; land? &#x26;ndash; Ja, da b&#x26;oslash;r du ta turen til auditoriet p&#x26;aring; Polarmilj&#x26;oslash;senteret i Troms&#x26;oslash;, Hjalmar Johansensgt. 14, mandag 19. mai 2008 kl. 10.00-12.30.   Det er ingen p&#x26;aring;meldingsavgift og miniseminaret er &#x26;aring;pent for alle.   Kontaktperson:  Professor Morten Tryland, Norges veterin&#x26;aelig;rh&#x26;oslash;gskole, tlf. 77 66 54 00 Foto: Magnus Andersen/Norsk Polarinstitutt </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/polar-institute-seminar-on-climate-change-and-animal-health</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:49 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Window on Eurasia: Climate Change Threatens Russian North, Country&#x2019;s National Security </title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/window-on-eurasia-climate-change-threatens-russian-north-countrys-national-security</link>
<description>This article translated by Paul Goble, on the WindowonEurasia Blog. The original story appeared on Sever Press. /////// Baku, May 3 &#x26;ndash; Climate change is opening the Russian North for economic development, but both global warming itself and some of the new economic activities there represent threats to the country&#x26;rsquo;s national security, according to senior officials, politicians, and academic specialists who took part in a Moscow conference on the subject last week. In welcoming participants to his ministry, Ruslan Tsalikov, first deputy minister for extraordinary situations, said Russian is being affected by global warming far more than most other countries. Indeed, he said, Russia needs to recognize &#x26;ldquo;the possible threats&#x26;rdquo; it poses to &#x26;ldquo;the defense of our national interests&#x26;rdquo;. But he suggested that even if global warming continues at its current pace, Russia has the opportunity to respond to it in ways that will simultaneously allow it to protect both its existing infrastructure there and the local populations and to exploit the enormous natural resources of the North. Another speaker, Senator Gennady Oleynik, who heads the Federation Council&#x26;rsquo;s Committee on Northern Affairs, said that the rapidly changing situation in the country&#x26;rsquo;s northern regions will inflict serious harm on anyone who thinks Moscow can avoid adopting new and carefully designed programs. And a third, Senator Yuri Vorob&#x26;rsquo;yev, who earlier served in Tsalikov&#x26;rsquo;s slot, said that he was particularly concerned about protecting the traditional way of life of the numerically small peoples of the North, who are closely linked to the land and whose existence could be threatened by the economic development global warming may allow. Participants noted that global warming is threatening not only the Arctic Sea ice but permafrost which underlies much of the Russian North. As it melts, the ground becomes unstable, threatening pipelines and other human construction. Already, they reported, some 30 percent of the pipeline accidents in the North are connected to the melting of permafrost. Its melting also threatens buildings there &#x26;ndash; roughly a quarter of all housing and other construction in the Russian North is now at risk of collapse &#x26;ndash; and, because of the changes warming makes to the surface ecology, many of the numerically small peoples of the North will find it impossible to continue to life as they have from time immemorial. Unfortunately, several of those who took part in the sessions indicated that some businesses going into the region ignore these realities, and thus do things which may bring short term profit but guarantee more problems in the future both for the firms themselves and for the country. But the Federation Council members did announce one positive step: The upper house is readying legislation that will directly address the impact of global warming on the peoples of the North and provide new funds both to protect their way of life and to provide guidance to companies moving in to exploit the natural resources on their lands. At the conclusion of the meeting, the participants issued the following five e continuation of recommendations: First, they called for the establishment of better monitoring of development in the North and improved sharing of information among the various institutions active there. Second, they urged the continuation of current Russian research on global warming. Third, they called for the development of special methods and organizations to deal with warding off or recovering from accidents in the Far North caused by climate change. Fourth, they urged the codification of rules for all future construction of buildings and pipelines in this region. And fifth, they said that the central government must recognize the North as it is now threatened by global warming as a distinct zone in which the rules that work elsewhere do not apply, a broad requirement but one that could open the way for greater discussions about how Moscow should respond to the broader challenge of global warming. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/window-on-eurasia-climate-change-threatens-russian-north-countrys-national-security</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:49 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>&#x411;&#x435;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x421;&#x435;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x430; &#x2013; &#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x43E; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x443;&#x434;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x432;&#x430;&#x436;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/-----</link>
<description>&#x412;&#x441;&#x435; &#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x442;, &#x447;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x43F;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x442;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x441;&#x445;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44F;&#x442; &#x438;&#x437;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x433;&#x435;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x445;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x430;, &#x441;&#x432;&#x44F;&#x437;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x441; &#x433;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43F;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43C;. &#x41D;&#x43E; &#x43D;&#x435; &#x432;&#x441;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x442;&#x434;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x442; &#x441;&#x435;&#x431;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x442;&#x447;&#x435;&#x442; &#x432; &#x442;&#x43E;&#x43C;, &#x447;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x438;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x43E; &#x438;&#x437;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x432; &#x43E;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x443;&#x436;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x449;&#x435;&#x439; &#x441;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x44F;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x44E;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x41A;&#x440;&#x430;&#x439;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x421;&#x435;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;, &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x435;&#x442; &#x434;&#x432;&#x435; &#x442;&#x440;&#x435;&#x442;&#x438; &#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x440;&#x438;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x438; &#x420;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x441;&#x438;&#x438;. &#x422;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x441;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x432;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x437;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C; &#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430; &#x420;&#x424; &#x43F;&#x43E; &#x447;&#x440;&#x435;&#x437;&#x432;&#x44B;&#x447;&#x430;&#x439;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C; &#x441;&#x438;&#x442;&#x443;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44F;&#x43C; &#x420;&#x443;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x43D; &#x426;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43E;&#x442;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x44B;&#x43B; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x443;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x43E;-&#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x443;&#x44E; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x444;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44E; &#x26;laquo;&#x41E;&#x431;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x435;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43F;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x431;&#x435;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x441;&#x435;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x440;&#x435;&#x433;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x420;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x441;&#x438;&#x439;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x424;&#x435;&#x434;&#x435;&#x440;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438;&#x26;raquo;, &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x430;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x448;&#x43B;&#x430; &#x432; &#x41D;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x426;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x440;&#x435; &#x443;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x432; &#x43A;&#x440;&#x438;&#x437;&#x438;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x441;&#x438;&#x442;&#x443;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44F;&#x445; &#x41C;&#x427;&#x421; &#x420;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x441;&#x438;&#x438;. &#x26;laquo;&#x41C;&#x427;&#x421; &#x43A;&#x430;&#x43A; &#x432;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x43E;, &#x43E;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x442;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x437;&#x430; &#x431;&#x435;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x430;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x44C;, &#x43D;&#x435; &#x43C;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x435;&#x442; &#x43D;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x44D;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x432;&#x43E; &#x432;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;, &#x43D;&#x430;&#x441; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x441;&#x443;&#x435;&#x442; &#x448;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x43A;&#x440;&#x443;&#x433; &#x432;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x432;, &#x441;&#x432;&#x44F;&#x437;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x441; &#x421;&#x435;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43C;, &#x441; &#x436;&#x438;&#x437;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x434;&#x435;&#x44F;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x44C;&#x44E; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x438;&#x432;&#x430;&#x44E;&#x449;&#x435;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x442;&#x430;&#x43C; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x441;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;&#x26;raquo;, - &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x447;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43A;&#x43D;&#x443;&#x43B; &#x420;&#x443;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x43D; &#x426;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x432;. &#x41E;&#x43D; &#x442;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x436;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x433;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x441;&#x438;&#x43B; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x432;&#x435;&#x442;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x438;&#x435; &#x433;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x432;&#x44B; &#x41C;&#x427;&#x421; &#x421;&#x435;&#x440;&#x433;&#x435;&#x44F; &#x428;&#x43E;&#x439;&#x433;&#x443; &#x443;&#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x43C; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x444;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438;. Read the full story here </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/-----</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:49 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>EALAT to NASA</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-to-nasa</link>
<description>EALAT Project leader Svein Mathiesen will be presenting the EALAT project to the Land Cover Land Use Change (LCLUC) Science Team meeting at the University of Maryland on Thursday May 1st, which is part of the larger 2008 NASA Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems Joint Science Workshop April 28 &#x26;ndash; May 2, 2008. Other presenters include Garik Gutman from NASA headquarters, Bob Corell and Nancy Maynard. You can download the meeting below </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-to-nasa</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:49 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>UN, Indigenous Peoples, EALAT &#x26; Climate Change (Pictures added)</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/un-indigenous-peoples-ealat--climate-change-pictures-added</link>
<description>Today, EALAT will be presented at a side event at the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues(UNPFI) (See Previous Posting for full information). EALAT side event at the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues Indigenous peoples in general and Sami in particular have been using the UN PF to highlight the challenges they face as a result of climate change, globalisation along with domestic rights issues. Svein Mathiesen, Nancy Maynard, Anders Oskal at the UN In an event that highlights the cooperation between Inuit and Sami on the issue of climate change, there was a joint statement on the issue by ICC and the Sami Council presented by Patricia Cochrane. While we must attack the causes of climate change vigorously, Madame Chair, let us be cautious in how we plan mitigation strategies. Indigenous peoples have experienced not only the effects of climate change most dramatically, but they have borne the brunt of misguided mitigation measures that are mostly done without consultation and often without any thought.  How else does one explain, Madame Chair, the numerous examples of hydro power plants flooding our lands, sprawling windmill farms interfering with our reindeer-herding areas, geothermal power plants displacing our sacred sites, and the biofuel crisis we have heard so much about? There is even talk of urgently going back to nuclear power plants that are often placed on or near our lands and territories, and this, in turn, will mean uranium mining near our settlements. Let us talk before we act, Madame Chair. Read the full speech here Other indigenous leaders also commented on the pressing issue of climate change on indigenous peoples. &#x22;The indigenous peoples contribute the smallest ecological footprints on Earth,&#x22; according to Victoria Tauli-Corpuz, Chair of the UNPFII &#x22;but they suffer the worst impacts from climate change and mitigation measures, such as the loss of land and biofuel production.&#x22; Read her speech here The issue of language loss was also raised by Sami - the President of the Sami parliament in Finland, Klemetti Nakkalajarvi, highlighted the risks related to language loss - a key issue Sami traditional ecological knowledge and the maintenance of their culture, in commonwith other indigenous peoples. Professor Carsten Smith at the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, New York. The Saami language has a vast storage of terminology and appellatives for snow, which creates certainty when navigating and moving in the landscape. Although linguistic knowledge is typically largely of a practical nature, it also holds more theoretical aspects in perception models, cultural ways of seeing and in exact classification systems of natural phenomena, land forms, terminology and identification models. Read the full speech here   A short video has been made from the UN PF II, called an Indigenous Perpsective on climate change by the Native Youth Coalition and 7th Generation Fund. You can watch it here. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/un-indigenous-peoples-ealat--climate-change-pictures-added</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:49 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>EALAT at the UN!</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-at-the-un</link>
<description>The EALAT project will be presented at a side event at the UN Permanent Forum next week - Speakers include EALAT project leader Svein Mathiesen, ICR Director Anders Oskal, Dr Nancy Maynard of NASA, Lars Anders Baer (President of the Sami Partliament in Sweden) and Ole Mathis Eira and Gunn Britt Retter of the Sami Council.  Climate Change and Reindeer Herding: Global Challenges and Human Rights of Arctic Indigenous Peoples   UNPFII 7th Session Side Event Monday 27 April at 01.15-2.45 &#x26;ndash; Conference room 8 Indigenous peoples in the Arctic face major challenges related to changes in their societies and the northern climate. There are more than 20 indigenous peoples and groups that base their lives on reindeer herding in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic areas. Climate change now threatens to overturn their traditional livelihoods and cultures that have developed over millennia, with a speed and severity that is unknown in their history. Meanwhile, constraints on use of traditional knowledge resulting from national legislation can limit indigenous societies&#x26;rsquo; adaptive capacity to change. From these perspectives, climate change is very much an issue of human rights of indigenous peoples. To face these challenges new approaches are necessary. The IPY EAL&#x26;Aacute;T-Network Study deals with reindeer herding and climate change, with special focus on defining vulnerability and developing adaptation strategies in local indigenous communities across the Arctic. EAL&#x26;Aacute;T is using a novel methodological approach in integrating scientific knowledge and traditional knowledge, and also seeks to utilize the benefits of modern technology. The challenge of EAL&#x26;Aacute;T is to take reindeer herders&#x26;rsquo; knowledge into action for sustainable development of the Arctic and, in particular, to involve indigenous peoples themselves in this process. Speakers: PFII Member Lars Anders Baer, President of the S&#x26;aacute;mi Parliament in Sweden Vice President Olav Mathis Eira, Saami Council Director Anders Oskal, International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry, Norway Director Gunn-Britt Retter, Polar Unit, Saami Council, Norway Professor Svein D Mathiesen, Saami University College, Norway Senior Research Scientist Dr. Nancy G Maynard, NASA Goddard Center, USA </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-at-the-un</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:49 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>EALAT Workshop in Topolinoe, Sakha (Yakutia)</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-workshop-in-topolinoe-sakha-yakutia</link>
<description>The fourth EALAT Information seminar recently wrapped up in Topolinoe, in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Located 800 km NE of the regions capital Yakutsk in the Verkhoyansky mountains, better known by many as the coldest place in the Arctic. The theme of the EALAT Information workshops are traditional knowledge, loss of pastures and climate change. Sakha(Yakutia) is one of world&#x26;#39;s greatest regions of reindeer husbandry, practiced primarily by Eveny people, but also by others. The region is also central to the beginning of international cooperation between reindeer herders and the establishment of the Association of World Reindeer Herders as a delegation from NBR-NRL, the Sami Reindeer Herders Assn of Norway visited there in 1990, two of whom were part of this visit in 2008: Johan Mathis Turi and Svein Mathiesen. Read the Full Story, with Photographs and Links Here  </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-workshop-in-topolinoe-sakha-yakutia</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:49 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>UN Permanent Forum - EALAT and Sami participating</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/un-permanent-forum---ealat-and-sami-participating3</link>
<description>The Seventh Session of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues is under way this week and next at the UN headquarters in New York. The Forum was opened by Bolivian President Evo Morales. This session has as its theme:  Climate change, bio-cultural diversity and livelihoods: the stewardship role of indigenous peoples and new challenges. The President of the Sami Parliament in Norway stressed the importance of the issue of climate change to Sami and indigenous peoples in his address to the Forum, &#x22;Representing indigenous peoples of the north, we are deeply concerned that the climate change should have negative effect on the environment and the resources witch are the foundations for our livelihood, and create changing conditions for our culture and traditions. At the same time we are worrying about that the milder climate should give access to non-renewable resources that until now have not been accessible because of permafrost, ice and snow.&#x22; EALAT will be represented the UN in one of the side events, supported by NASA Scientist Dr. Nancy Maynard assisted by ICR Director Anders Oskal. Dr. Maynard will be presenting Climate Change and Reindeer Herding. The EALAT event is co sponsored with the Sami Council, ICR and the Assn of World Reindeer Herders and will take place on Monday April 28th. Click here to view the full list of side events. Backgrounder - Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples Lots of Sami are in New York this week, including the Sami Council and the Sami Ofelas/Pathfinders of the Sami University College. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/un-permanent-forum---ealat-and-sami-participating3</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:49 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Indigenous Peoples and Climate Change Forum </title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/indigenous-peoples-and-climate-change-forum</link>
<description>International Public Forum on Indigenous Peoples and Climate Change: The Tropical Australian Experience 3 April 2008 (Darwin, Australia) (Story from the UN University Insititute of Advanced Studies UNU-IAS), which has a Traditional Knowledge Initiative) Indigenous peoples have contributed the least to world greenhouse gas emissions and have the smallest ecological footprints on Earth. Although they are currently suffering the worst impacts of climate change, their centuries of traditional knowledge and on-the-ground adaptation to worsening conditions have much to teach the rest of the world about how to deal with the impacts of climate change, according to speakers at a Public Forum held on 3 April in Darwin, Australia, hosted by the United Nations University-Institute of Advanced Studies, Charles Darwin University, the North Australia Indigenous Sea and Land Management Alliance and the Northern Territory Government. Five expert speakers, combining indigenous and traditional knowledge with more traditional western science, were selected to speak at the Public Forum, to share their experiences in northern Australia with the International Expert Meeting on Climate Change and Indigenous People. Resources Download the audio files from this event... Opening meeting - Professor Helen Garnett, CDU (.mp3, 3.40MB) Welcome to Country - Donna Jackson, Larrakia Nation (.mp3, 2.54MB) Introductory remarks - Joe Morrison, NAILSMA (.mp3, 3.09MB) Summary of expert meeting deliberations - Victoria Tauli-Corpuz, Chairperson UNPFII (.mp3, 8.23MB) Presentation 1: Fire management - Dr Jeremy Russell-Smith (.mp3, 9.35MB) and Mr Dean Yibarbuk (.mp3, 13.3MB) Presentation 2: Adaptive capacity of Indigenous peoples - Professor Wendy Brady (.mp3, 15.7MB) Presentation 3: Health - Professor Bart Currie (.mp3, 14.6MB) and Dr Ngiare Brown (.mp3, 7.04MB) Panel discussion (.mp3, 48.2MB) Concluding remarks - Professor Bob Wasson, CDU (.mp3, 4.89MB) </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/indigenous-peoples-and-climate-change-forum</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:49 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>EALAT Presented at ESA - ESRIN</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-presented-at-esa---esrin</link>
<description>Philip Burgess presented the EALAT project and EALAT Information to the Polarview progress meeting at ESRIN. ESRIN is also known as the ESA (European Space Agency) Centre for Earth Observation, is one of the five ESA specialised centres situated in Europe. Located in Frascati, a small town 20 km south of Rome in Italy, ESRIN was established in 1966 and first began acquiring data from environmental satellites in the 1970s. Participants included NGO&#x26;#39;s, scientists, policy consultants and administrators from around Europe and the Arctic. EALAT&#x26;#39;s participation is related to the fact that EALAR is a user of Polarview services. Polar View is an earth observation (EO) or satellite remote-sensing program, focused on both the Arctic and the Antarctic. Polar View is supported by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Commission with participation from the Canadian Space Agency. The goal of the meeting was a progress report, and a valuable opportunity for Polarview partners to hear from Users - who provide the key to extending the Polarview project into the coming years. EALAT currently uses two Polarview &#x26;#39;products&#x26;#39; - the Scandinavian snow melt maps from KSAT (Kongsberg satellite services, Tromso) and the Eurasian snow melt, snow depth and snow water equivalent maps from the Finnish Meteorological Institute and SYKE, the Finnish Environment Institute. Interest was high among participants Other user perspectives included a presentation by Jimmy Qaapik from Grise Fjord, Nunavut, who use satellite images to monitor sea ice floe edges, to improve hunter safety, along with other NGO, governmental and private users in the Baltic, Arctic and Antarctic. Jimmy Qaapik, Polarview User from Grise Fjord, NT The presentation was well received and Philip Burgess was also interviewed for ESA web tv. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-presented-at-esa---esrin</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:49 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>IPY Report Available Online</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ipy-report-available-online</link>
<description>Report Available Online IPY International Programme Office    The April 2008 report is available at: http://www.ipy.org/index.php?/ipy/detail/ipy_report_april_2008/    --------------------- The April 2008 monthly report, issued by the IPY International Programme Office is now available at: http://www.ipy.org/index.php?/ipy/detail/ipy_report_april_2008/    Contents include: - The Publications Database - Satellite Data - IPY Celebrations, February 2009 - APECS information - UNEP Children&#x26;#39;s Conference-call for material - IPO update    A full list of monthly reports can be viewed under the &#x22;Participants&#x22; section at: http://www.ipy.org    The reports can also be accessed by subscribing to one of the discussion groups at: http://www.ipy.org/index.php?/ipy/detail/ipy_discussion_groups/    For further information, please contact: Rhian A. Salmon IPY Education and Outreach Coordinator Email: ipy.ras@gmail.com Phone: +44-0-77-1118-1509   </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ipy-report-available-online</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:48 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>Climate seen stoking Arctic indigenous land claims</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/climate-seen-stoking-arctic-indigenous-land-claims</link>
<description>By Alister Doyle, Environment Correspondent, Published in REUTERS UK OSLO (Reuters) - Global warming has opened the European Arctic to firms exploiting timber, oil, gas and metals, and intensified a land rights battle with Sami reindeer herders whose way of life is under threat, an indigenous leader said. Milder temperatures mean that birch and pine forests are edging north in Russia and the Nordic nations, shrinking the chill pastures where reindeer graze on lichen, said Lars-Anders Baer, a herder and president of the Sami Parliament in Sweden. &#x22;This will make the fight over land rights even more important,&#x22; he told Reuters on Wednesday. &#x22;If the circumstances for reindeer herding change dramatically then we need to have other foundations to work on.&#x22; &#x22;One thing is if we lose the reindeer. The other is if we lose the land. Then we are out of business,&#x22; he said. Global warming, blamed by the U.N. Climate Panel largely on human burning of fossil fuels, is happening twice as fast in the Arctic as the rest of the globe because darker soil and water, once exposed, soak up more heat than ice and snow. This winter was the mildest on record in parts of the Nordic region and the change has enticed businesses to move into the previously inaccessible region. Pulp and paper producers may expand operations as trees grow further north. Oil and gas companies are looking for new deposits from Alaska to the Barents Sea and mining companies are interested by Arctic deposits ranging from gold to uranium. &#x22;Previously these resources were locked up by a harsh environment and a lot of ice,&#x22; Baer said from a conference of indigenous peoples in Darwin, Australia. KLONDIKE &#x22;Now there&#x26;#39;s something of a Klondike (gold rush) feeling in the mineral industry,&#x22; he said. Indigenous peoples want to ensure they get a fair share, especially if reindeer herding declines. Indigenous peoples in some regions of Alaska, Canada and Russia, had agreements with governments on managing land, he said. &#x22;In a Nordic context Norway is the most advanced, in Sweden and Finland there&#x26;#39;s still an open issue,&#x22; he said. High metals prices, for instance, were bringing interest in northern Sweden where Boliden has been producing copper, gold and silver at its Aitik mine since 1968. Other metals deposits range from iron ore to uranium. In the Barents Sea off Norway, StatoilHydro opened the first gas field in September 2007. The Sami want a share even though their fisheries never took them so far offshore. The Sami fear that climate change will mean frequent swings between frosts and thaws that will cover lichen with ice. Reindeer can die of starvation since their muzzles, which have evolved to dig through snow, are too soft to break through ice. &#x22;If this is a trend then we may be in trouble,&#x22; Baer said. This season, emergency feed for reindeer in ice-affected areas cost about 2 million euros ($3 million), with the government and herders splitting the bill. He estimated that reindeer herds, farmed for everything from their meat to their antlers, totaled about 800,000-900,000 in Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/climate-seen-stoking-arctic-indigenous-land-claims</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:48 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>RESILIENCE 2008 - On WebTV</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/resilience-2008---on-webtv</link>
<description>WEB TV FROM RESILIENCE 2008 - Resilience, Adaptation and Transformation in Turbulent Times, International Conference, Stockholm April 14-17  More than 40 live coverages of panel discussions, workshops and key presentations will be available via Web TV. The conference will be using an advanced web television interface to air more than 40 events live over a four-day period. In addition, about 20 other events will be filmed and made available on the website shortly after the conference. Web TV is an environmentally friendly service provided by the Web TV supplier Qbrick in liaison with IT Services Media production at Stockholm University. See schedule for coverage here </description>
<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/resilience-2008---on-webtv</guid>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2008 04:11:48 -0500</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
<title>EALAT / Aween article in ANSIPRA</title>
<link>http://www.arcticportal.org/en/icr/ealat/ealt-news/ealt-news/ealat-/-aween-article-in-ansipra</link>
<description>&#x41F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x430; &#x26;laquo;EALAT/AVEEN&#x26;raquo; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x427;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43A;&#x435;: &#x41C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x434;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440; &#x26;laquo;&#x41C;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x433; &#x438; &#x440;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x438;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44C;&#x438;&#x445; &#x43F;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x431;&#x438;&#x449;&#x26;raquo; &#x413;. &#x414;&#x44C;&#x44F;&#x447;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430; &#x412; &#x410;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x434;&#x44B;&#x440;&#x435; &#x26;ndash; &#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x446;&#x435; &#x427;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x430;&#x432;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x443;&#x433;&#x430; &#x26;ndash; &#x441; 27 &#x444;&#x435;&#x432;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x43E; 1 &#x43C;&#x430;&#x440;&#x442;&#x430; 2008 &#x433;. &#x441;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x44F;&#x43B;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x434;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x443;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x43E;-&#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440; &#x26;laquo;&#x41C;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x433; &#x438; &#x440;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x435; &#x438;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44C;&#x438;&#x445; &#x43F;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x431;&#x438;&#x449;&#x26;raquo; &#x43F;&#x43E; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x435; &#x26;laquo;EALAT/AVEEN&#x26;raquo;. &#x41E;&#x440;&#x433;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430; &#x432;&#x44B;&#x441;&#x442;&#x443;&#x43F;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x427;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x444;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B; &#x421;&#x435;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43E;-&#x412;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43F;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x443;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x43E;-&#x438;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;&#x442;&#x443;&#x442;&#x430; &#x414;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x442;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x420;&#x410;&#x41D; (&#x427;&#x424; &#x421;&#x412;&#x41A;&#x41D;&#x418;&#x418;), &#x41C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x434;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x446;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x440; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x430; (International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry &#x26;ndash; ICR), &#x410;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x446;&#x438;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x26;laquo;&#x41E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44B; &#x43C;&#x438;&#x440;&#x430;&#x26;raquo; (Association of World Reindeer Herders &#x26;ndash; WRH), &#x421;&#x43E;&#x44E;&#x437; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x427;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43A;&#x438; (Union of Chukotka Reindeer Herders). &#x421;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x445;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x438;&#x43B; &#x432; &#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x445; &#x41C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x434;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x41F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x413;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430; (IPY) &#x26;ndash; &#x433;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x430;, &#x43E;&#x445;&#x432;&#x430;&#x442;&#x438;&#x432;&#x448;&#x435;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43F;&#x43E; &#x441;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x43C; &#x43C;&#x430;&#x441;&#x448;&#x442;&#x430;&#x431;&#x430;&#x43C; &#x431;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x435; 50 &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D; &#x441; &#x443;&#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x442;&#x44B;&#x441;&#x44F;&#x447; &#x443;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x438; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x443;&#x434;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x438; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x449;&#x435;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43E;&#x440;&#x433;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x439;. &#x41D;&#x430;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43C;, &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x430; &#x26;laquo;EALAT/AVEEN&#x26;raquo; &#x441;&#x432;&#x44F;&#x437;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x441; &#x438;&#x437;&#x443;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x438;&#x439; &#x432;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x434;&#x435;&#x439;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x438;&#x437;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x430; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44C;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x431;&#x438;&#x449;&#x430;, &#x430; &#x442;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x436;&#x435; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x449;&#x435;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x430; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x421;&#x435;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x430;. &#x41A;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x435; &#x442;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E;, &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x430; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x445;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x434;&#x438;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x421;&#x435;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x430; &#x438; &#x435;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x438;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x44F;&#x434;&#x443; &#x441; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x443;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x434;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C;&#x438;. &#x413;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x440;&#x435;&#x448;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x437;&#x430;&#x434;&#x430;&#x447; &#x44F;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x44E;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x432;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x438;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;, &#x43C;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x433;, &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43A;&#x430; &#x434;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x438;  &#x438;&#x43D;&#x444;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x438; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x443;&#x434;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440; &#x43E; &#x440;&#x435;&#x437;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x442;&#x430;&#x442;&#x430;&#x445; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x44B;. &#x412; &#x41F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x435; &#x443;&#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x443;&#x44E;&#x442; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438; 6 &#x440;&#x435;&#x433;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;: &#x417;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x421;&#x430;&#x43F;&#x43C;&#x438; (&#x421;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x432;&#x438;&#x44F;), &#x41D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x446;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x430;&#x432;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x43E;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x443;&#x433;, &#x42F;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x43B;, &#x420;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x443;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x430; &#x421;&#x430;&#x445;&#x430; (&#x42F;&#x43A;&#x443;&#x442;&#x438;&#x44F;), &#x427;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x430;&#x432;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x43E;&#x43A;&#x440;&#x443;&#x433; &#x438; &#x410;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x430;. &#x41F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x432;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x434;&#x432;&#x430; &#x434;&#x43D;&#x44F; &#x26;ndash; 27 &#x438; 28 &#x444;&#x435;&#x432;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x26;ndash; &#x443;&#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430;, &#x441;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x438; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x431;&#x44B;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x41D;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x432;&#x435;&#x433;&#x438;&#x438;, &#x424;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x438;&#x438; &#x438; &#x420;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x441;&#x438;&#x438; (&#x443;&#x447;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x438; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44B;, &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x443;&#x434;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440; &#x41F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x430; &#x427;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x438; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x449;&#x435;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43E;&#x440;&#x433;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x439;, &#x421;&#x41C;&#x418;), &#x43E;&#x431;&#x441;&#x443;&#x436;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x43E;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x432;&#x43E;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x44B; &#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x44B; &#x440;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x438;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x431;&#x438;&#x449; &#x438; &#x438;&#x445; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x445;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;, &#x440;&#x430;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x444;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438; &#x447;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x437; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43B; www.reindeerportal.org, &#x432;&#x437;&#x430;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x435;&#x439;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x443;&#x434;&#x430;&#x440;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x438; &#x43D;&#x435;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440; &#x441; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x438;, &#x430; &#x442;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x436;&#x435; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x446;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;-&#x44D;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x44B; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x430;. &#x421;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x443;&#x44E;&#x449;&#x438;&#x435; &#x434;&#x432;&#x430; &#x434;&#x43D;&#x44F; &#x26;ndash; 29 &#x444;&#x435;&#x432;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x438; 1 &#x43C;&#x430;&#x440;&#x442;&#x430; &#x26;ndash; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x445;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x432; &#x441;. &#x41A;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x447;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x43D; &#x410;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x434;&#x44B;&#x440;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x440;&#x430;&#x439;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x438; &#x432; 4-&#x439; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x431;&#x440;&#x438;&#x433;&#x430;&#x434;&#x435; &#x41C;&#x423;&#x41F; &#x26;laquo;&#x41A;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x447;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439;&#x26;raquo;. &#x412; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x435;&#x442;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x434; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x445;&#x43E;&#x437; &#x26;laquo;&#x41A;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x447;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439;&#x26;raquo; &#x44F;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x43B;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x44B;&#x43C; &#x445;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x44F;&#x439;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x432; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x435; &#x438; &#x431;&#x44B;&#x43B; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x436;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43D; &#x43E;&#x440;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x422;&#x440;&#x443;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x41A;&#x440;&#x430;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x417;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;. &#x412; &#x44D;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x445;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x44F;&#x439;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x435; &#x442;&#x440;&#x443;&#x434;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x441;&#x44C; &#x413;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x421;&#x43E;&#x446;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x422;&#x440;&#x443;&#x434;&#x430; &#x418;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D; &#x410;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x43E;, &#x430; &#x442;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x436;&#x435; &#x438;&#x437;&#x432;&#x435;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44B;: &#x422;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x447;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x43E;, &#x410;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x43E;, &#x422;&#x430;&#x451;&#x443;&#x440;&#x433;&#x438;&#x43D;, &#x41A;&#x430;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x439; &#x438; &#x434;&#x440;&#x443;&#x433;&#x438;&#x435;. &#x423;&#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x44E;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x442;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x443;&#x44E; &#x432;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x435;&#x447;&#x443; &#x434;&#x432;&#x443;&#x445; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; - &#x413;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x435;&#x432; &#x421;&#x43E;&#x446;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x422;&#x440;&#x443;&#x434;&#x430; &#x410;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x43E; &#x418;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x41F;&#x435;&#x442;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x438;&#x447;&#x430; &#x438; &#x425;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44C;&#x44F;&#x43B;&#x43E; &#x414;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x442;&#x440;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x41A;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x438;&#x447;&#x430;. &#x414;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43C; 29 &#x444;&#x435;&#x432;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x441;&#x44C; &#x441; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x43C; &#x43F;&#x43E; &#x442;&#x435;&#x445;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;&#x43C; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x44F;&#x442;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43C;, &#x43D;&#x430; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x437;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x438;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43A;&#x430; &#x442;&#x443;&#x448; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435; &#x437;&#x430;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x44F;. &#x417;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x434;&#x438;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440; &#x448;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44B; &#x41D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43A;&#x435;&#x435;&#x432;&#x430; &#x410;.&#x418;. &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x430; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x439; &#x441;&#x43E; &#x448;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x439;. &#x421;&#x432;&#x435;&#x439;&#x43D; &#x414;. &#x41C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x438;&#x441;&#x441;&#x435;&#x43D; (Svein Mathiesen - &#x43D;&#x430;&#x443;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x440;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x44B; &#x26;laquo;EALAT/AVEEN&#x26;raquo;) &#x438; &#x424;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43F;&#x43F;  &#x411;&#x451;&#x440;&#x433;&#x435;&#x441; (Philip Burgess - &#x440;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x430; ICR) &#x432;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x435;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x441;&#x44C; &#x441; &#x443;&#x447;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x444;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x438; &#x441; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x441;&#x44C; &#x43A; &#x448;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x443; &#x441;&#x430;&#x439;&#x442;&#x443;, &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x437;&#x430;&#x432; &#x441;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43B; ICR.  &#x412;&#x435;&#x447;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x438;&#x437; &#x437;&#x430;&#x440;&#x443;&#x431;&#x435;&#x436;&#x44C;&#x44F; &#x421;&#x432;&#x435;&#x439;&#x43D; &#x414;. &#x41C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x438;&#x441;&#x441;&#x435;&#x43D;, &#x410;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x435;&#x448; &#x41E;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x43B; (&#x418;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x434;&#x438;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x440; &#x41C;&#x426;&#x41E;), &#x410;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x430;-&#x41C;&#x430;&#x440;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x41C;&#x430;&#x433;&#x433;&#x430; (&#x441;&#x442;&#x443;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x43A;&#x430; &#x423;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x441;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x442;&#x430; &#x410;&#x440;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x438;) &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x441;&#x44C; &#x43E;&#x441;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x438;&#x43D;&#x444;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x435;&#x439; &#x441; &#x436;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x41A;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x447;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x43E; &#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435; &#x438; &#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x438;&#x438; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x430; &#x432; &#x438;&#x445; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x445;. &#x412; &#x441;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x44E; &#x43E;&#x447;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x44C; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44B; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x441;&#x443;&#x434;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x438;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x435; &#x432;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x43D;&#x443;&#x44E;&#x449;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x44B;, &#x441;&#x432;&#x44F;&#x437;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x441; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x445;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x43A;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440;&#x44B;. &#x41F;&#x43E;&#x434; &#x437;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x432;&#x435;&#x441; &#x432;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x435;&#x447;&#x438; &#x436;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x441;. &#x41A;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x447;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x43D; &#x441; &#x44D;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x443;&#x437;&#x438;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x432;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x44F;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x431; &#x443;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x438; &#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x442;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445; &#x43E;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x448;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x439; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x434;&#x443; &#x41A;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x447;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x438; &#x41A;&#x430;&#x443;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x43A;&#x435;&#x439;&#x43D;&#x43E; (&#x41D;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x432;&#x435;&#x433;&#x438;&#x44F;). &#x41E;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43C; &#x438;&#x437; &#x44F;&#x440;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x445; &#x434;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x439; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430; &#x431;&#x44B;&#x43B; 1 &#x43C;&#x430;&#x440;&#x442;&#x430; &#x432; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x431;&#x440;&#x438;&#x433;&#x430;&#x434;&#x435; &#x2116; 4. &#x423;&#x436;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x43E; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x435; &#x432; &#x431;&#x440;&#x438;&#x433;&#x430;&#x434;&#x443; &#x432;&#x43E; &#x432;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x44F; &#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x43A; &#x443;&#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x441;&#x443;&#x436;&#x434;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440;&#x443; &#x441;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x433;&#x430; &#x432; &#x442;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x440;&#x435;, &#x445;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440; &#x43F;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x431;&#x438;&#x449; &#x438; &#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x434;&#x438;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44B; &#x445;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x438;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44B;. &#x412; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x431;&#x440;&#x438;&#x433;&#x430;&#x434;&#x435; &#x443;&#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x43D;&#x43E; &#x432;&#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x435;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x430; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x44C;&#x44F; &#x41D;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x447;&#x430;&#x439;&#x432;&#x44B;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445;. &#x41F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x448;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x432;&#x43F;&#x435;&#x447;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x44E;&#x449;&#x438;&#x435; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44C;&#x438;&#x445; &#x443;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x44F;&#x436;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x445; &#x441; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x436;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x435;&#x434;&#x438;&#x432;&#x448;&#x438;&#x445;. &#x417;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x432; &#x44F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x433;&#x435; &#x26;ndash; &#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x434;&#x438;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x43C; &#x436;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x449;&#x435; &#x447;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x447;&#x435;&#x439; &#x26;ndash; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x44F;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x44C; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x431;&#x440;&#x438;&#x433;&#x430;&#x434;&#x44B; &#x441; &#x443;&#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x438; &#x441;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x440;&#x430;.  &#x412;.&#x41C;. &#x415;&#x442;&#x44B;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43D; &#x26;ndash; &#x43D;&#x430;&#x443;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x441;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x440;&#x443;&#x434;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A; &#x427;&#x424; &#x421;&#x412;&#x41A;&#x41D;&#x418;&#x418; - &#x441;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x43B; &#x43A;&#x440;&#x430;&#x442;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x440; &#x446;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x435;&#x437;&#x434;&#x430; &#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x44B; &#x26;laquo;EALAT/AVEEN&#x26;raquo;,  &#x43D;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x432;&#x435;&#x436;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x435; &#x438; &#x444;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x435; &#x433;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x440;&#x430;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x437;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x43E; &#x432;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x434;&#x435;&#x439;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x438;&#x438; &#x43A;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x430; &#x43D;